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          EEPW首頁 > 工控自動化 > 設(shè)計應(yīng)用 > PT100溫度變送器的正溫度系數(shù)補(bǔ)償

          PT100溫度變送器的正溫度系數(shù)補(bǔ)償

          作者: 時間:2011-07-31 來源:網(wǎng)絡(luò) 收藏

          摘要:本文回顧了通用傳感器的主要特性,重點(diǎn)介紹RTD ,并提供了一種簡單的方法對輸出信號進(jìn)行線性化處理和調(diào)理。

          是非常重要的物理參數(shù),熱電偶和熱敏電阻(RTD)適合大多數(shù)高溫測量,但設(shè)計人員必須為特定的應(yīng)用選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)膫鞲衅?,?提供了常用傳感器的選擇指南。

          表1. 傳感器特性

          FeatureThermocoupleRTD
          Response timeBetter
          Maximum temperatureHigher
          RuggednessBetter
          Cost efficiencyBetter
          AccuracyBetter
          Long-term stabilityBetter
          StandardizationBetter

          RTD具有較高的精度,工作溫度范圍:-200°C至+850°C。它們還具有較好的長期穩(wěn)定性,利用適當(dāng)?shù)臄?shù)據(jù)處理設(shè)備就可以傳輸、顯示并記錄其溫度輸出。因?yàn)闊崦綦娮璧淖柚岛蜏囟瘸收汝P(guān)系,設(shè)計人員只需將已知電流流過該電阻就可以得到與溫度成正比的輸出電壓。根據(jù)已知的電阻-溫度關(guān)系,就可以計算出被測溫度值。

          電阻值隨溫度的變化稱為“電阻的溫度”,絕大多數(shù)金屬材料的溫度都是正數(shù),而且許多純金屬材料的溫度在一定溫度范圍內(nèi)保持恒定。所以,熱敏電阻是一種穩(wěn)定的高精度、并具有線性響應(yīng)的溫度檢測器。具體應(yīng)用中選用哪一種金屬材料(鉑、銅、鎳等)取決于被測溫度范圍。

          鉑電阻在0°C的標(biāo)稱電阻值是100Ω,盡管RTD是一種標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化器件,但在世界各地有多種不同的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。這樣,當(dāng)同一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的RTD用在不同標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的儀表設(shè)計中時將會產(chǎn)生問題。

          表2. 鉑電阻RTD的公共標(biāo)準(zhǔn)*
          OrganizationStandardALPHA (α): Average Temperature Coefficient of Resistance (/°C)Nominal Resistance at 0°C (Ω)
          British StandardBS 1904: 19840.003850100
          Deutschen Institut für NormungDIN 43760: 19800.003850100
          International Electrotechnical CommissionIEC 751: 1995 (Amend. 2)0.00385055100
          Scientific Apparatus Manufacturers of AmericaSAMA RC-4-19660.00392398.129
          Japanese StandardJIS C1604-19810.003916100
          American Society for Testing and MaterialsASTM E11370.00385055100

          *Sensing Devices, Inc.生產(chǎn)滿足上述標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的鉑電阻RTD。

          鉑金屬的長期穩(wěn)定性、可重復(fù)操作性、快速響應(yīng)及較寬的工作溫度范圍等特性使其能夠適合多種應(yīng)用。因此,鉑電阻RTD是溫度測量中最穩(wěn)定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)器件。以下公式描述了 RTD的特性,顯然它的溫度與電阻呈非線性關(guān)系:

          RT = R0(1 + AT + BT² + C(T-100)T³)

          其中:

          A = 3.9083 E-3
          B = -5.775 E-7
          C = -4.183 E-12 (低于0°C時)或0 (高于0°C時)。

          表3是表格形式。

          表3. 電阻/溫度表**,385鉑電阻,0°C時為100.0Ω
          °C0123456789
          -10060.26
          -9064.363.8963.4963.0862.6862.2861.8761.4661.0660.66
          -8068.3267.9267.5267.1266.7266.3165.9165.5165.164.7
          -7072.3371.9371.5371.1370.7370.3369.9369.5369.1368.73
          -6076.3375.9375.5375.1374.7374.3373.9373.5373.1372.73
          -5080.3179.9179.5179.1278.7278.3277.9277.5277.1276.73
          °C0123456789
          -4084.2783.8883.4883.0882.6982.2981.981.581.180.7
          -3088.2287.8387.4387.0486.6486.2585.8585.4685.0684.67
          -2092.1691.7791.3790.9890.5990.1989.889.489.0188.62
          -1096.0995.6995.394.9194.5294.1293.7393.3492.9592.55
          010099.6199.2298.8398.4498.0497.6597.2696.8796.48
          °C0123456789
          0100100.39100.78101.17101.56101.95102.34102.73103.12103.51
          10103.9104.29104.68105.07105.46105.85106.24106.63107.02107.4
          20107.79108.18108.57108.96109.34109.73110.12110.51110.9111.28
          30111.67112.06112.45112.83113.22113.61113.99114.38114.77115.15
          40115.54115.92116.31116.7117.08117.47117.85118.24118.62119.01
          °C0123456789
          50119.4119.78120.16120.55120.93121.32121.7122.09122.47122.86
          60123.24123.62124.01124.39124.77125.16125.54125.92126.31126.69
          70127.07127.45127.84128.22128.6128.98129.36129.75130.13130.51
          80130.89131.27131.66132.04132.42132.8133.18133.56133.94134.32
          90134.7135.08135.46135.84136.22136.6136.98137.36137.74138.12
          °C0123456789
          100138.5138.88139.26139.64140.02140.4140.77141.15141.53141.91
          110142.29142.66143.04143.42143.8144.18144.55144.93145.31145.68
          120146.06146.44146.82147.19147.57147.94148.32148.7149.07149.44
          130149.82150.2150.70150.95151.33151.7152.08152.45152.83153.2
          140153.70153.95154.32154.7155.07155.45155.82156.2156.57156.94
          °C0123456789
          150157.32157.69170.06170.44170.81159.18159.56159.93160.3160.67
          160161.04161.42161.79162.16162.53162.9163.28163.65164.02164.39
          170164.76165.13165.5165.88166.24166.62166.99167.32167.73168.1
          180168.47168.84169.21169.70169.95170.32170.68171.05171.42171.79
          190172.16172.53172.9173.27173.64174174.37174.74175.11175.48
          °C0123456789
          200175.84

          ****RTD PT100表顯示了電阻與溫度之間的對應(yīng)關(guān)系。

          圖1. 2線連接時,由于引線電阻與RTD串聯(lián),增大了電阻,會最終影響測量精度。
          圖1. 2線連接時,由于引線電阻與RTD串聯(lián),增大了電阻,會最終影響測量精度。
          紅外遙控器相關(guān)文章:紅外遙控器原理

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