熔絲位(Fuse)快速入門
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這種方式與小馬(PnoyProg2000,SL-ISP)相比，具有以下的優(yōu)勢(優(yōu)勢是如此明顯，可以用“巨大優(yōu)勢”來形容)：
本文引用地址：http://www.ex-cimer.com/article/201611/317321.htm1. 有效避免因不熟悉熔絲位讓芯片鎖死 (這是初學(xué)者的惡夢)
2. 不需要靠記憶與查文檔，就能配置熔絲位(這也是初學(xué)者的惡夢)這是我們網(wǎng)站為何推薦使用STK500下載器的又一原因。
操作界面如下： (注意：下圖中，打勾的表示選中，代表0。沒有打勾的表示1)。
上圖的資料整理如下(該表下面有中文翻譯與說明)：
On-Chip Debug Enabled; [OCDEN=0] JTAG Interface Enabled; [JTAGEN=0] Serial program downloading (SPI) enabled; [SPIEN=0] Preserve EEPROM memory through the Chip Erase cycle; [EESAVE=0] Boot Flash section size=128 words Boot start address=$1F80; [BOOTSZ=11] Boot Flash section size=256 words Boot start address=$1F00; [BOOTSZ=10] Boot Flash section size=512 words Boot start address=$1E00; [BOOTSZ=01] Boot Flash section size=1024 words Boot start address=$1C00; [BOOTSZ=00] ; default value Boot Reset vector Enabled (default address=$0000); [BOOTRST=0] CKOPT fuse (operation dependent of CKSEL fuses); [CKOPT=0] Brown-out detection level at VCC=4.0 V; [BODLEVEL=0] Brown-out detection level at VCC=2.7 V; [BODLEVEL=1] Brown-out detection enabled; [BODEN=0] Ext. Clock; Start-up time: 6 CK + 0 ms; [CKSEL=0000 SUT=00] Ext. Clock; Start-up time: 6 CK + 4 ms; [CKSEL=0000 SUT=01] Ext. Clock; Start-up time: 6 CK + 64 ms; [CKSEL=0000 SUT=10] Int. RC Osc. 1 MHz; Start-up time: 6 CK + 0 ms; [CKSEL=0001 SUT=00] Int. RC Osc. 1 MHz; Start-up time: 6 CK + 4 ms; [CKSEL=0001 SUT=01] Int. RC Osc. 1 MHz; Start-up time: 6 CK + 64 ms; [CKSEL=0001 SUT=10]; default value Int. RC Osc. 2 MHz; Start-up time: 6 CK + 0 ms; [CKSEL=0010 SUT=00] Int. RC Osc. 2 MHz; Start-up time: 6 CK + 4 ms; [CKSEL=0010 SUT=01] Int. RC Osc. 2 MHz; Start-up time: 6 CK + 64 ms; [CKSEL=0010 SUT=10] Int. RC Osc. 4 MHz; Start-up time: 6 CK + 0 ms; [CKSEL=0011 SUT=00] Int. RC Osc. 4 MHz; Start-up time: 6 CK + 4 ms; [CKSEL=0011 SUT=01] Int. RC Osc. 4 MHz; Start-up time: 6 CK + 64 ms; [CKSEL=0011 SUT=10] Int. RC Osc. 8 MHz; Start-up time: 6 CK + 0 ms; [CKSEL=0100 SUT=00] Int. RC Osc. 8 MHz; Start-up time: 6 CK + 4 ms; [CKSEL=0100 SUT=01] Int. RC Osc. 8 MHz; Start-up time: 6 CK + 64 ms; [CKSEL=0100 SUT=10] Ext. RC Osc. - 0.9 MHz; Start-up time: 18 CK + 0 ms; [CKSEL=0101 SUT=00] Ext. RC Osc. - 0.9 MHz; Start-up time: 18 CK + 4 ms; [CKSEL=0101 SUT=01] Ext. RC Osc. - 0.9 MHz; Start-up time: 18 CK + 64 ms; [CKSEL=0101 SUT=10] Ext. RC Osc. - 0.9 MHz; Start-up time: 6 CK + 4 ms; [CKSEL=0101 SUT=11] Ext. RC Osc. 0.9 MHz - 3.0 MHz; Start-up time: 18 CK + 0 ms; [CKSEL=0110 SUT=00] Ext. RC Osc. 0.9 MHz - 3.0 MHz; Start-up time: 18 CK + 4 ms; [CKSEL=0110 SUT=01] Ext. RC Osc. 0.9 MHz - 3.0 MHz; Start-up time: 18 CK + 64 ms; [CKSEL=0110 SUT=10] Ext. RC Osc. 0.9 MHz - 3.0 MHz; Start-up time: 6 CK + 4 ms; [CKSEL=0110 SUT=11] Ext. RC Osc. 3.0 MHz - 8.0 MHz; Start-up time: 18 CK + 0 ms; [CKSEL=0111 SUT=00] Ext. RC Osc. 3.0 MHz - 8.0 MHz; Start-up time: 18 CK + 4 ms; [CKSEL=0111 SUT=01] Ext. RC Osc. 3.0 MHz - 8.0 MHz; Start-up time: 18 CK + 64 ms; [CKSEL=0111 SUT=10] Ext. RC Osc. 3.0 MHz - 8.0 MHz; Start-up time: 6 CK + 4 ms; [CKSEL=0111 SUT=11] Ext. RC Osc. 8.0 MHz - 12.0 MHz; Start-up time: 18 CK + 0 ms; [CKSEL=1000 SUT=00] Ext. RC Osc. 8.0 MHz - 12.0 MHz; Start-up time: 18 CK + 4 ms; [CKSEL=1000 SUT=01] Ext. RC Osc. 8.0 MHz - 12.0 MHz; Start-up time: 18 CK + 64 ms; [CKSEL=1000 SUT=10] Ext. RC Osc. 8.0 MHz - 12.0 MHz; Start-up time: 6 CK + 4 ms; [CKSEL=1000 SUT=11] Ext. Low-Freq. Crystal; Start-up time: 1K CK + 4 ms; [CKSEL=1001 SUT=00] Ext. Low-Freq. Crystal; Start-up time: 1K CK + 64 ms; [CKSEL=1001 SUT=01] Ext. Low-Freq. Crystal; Start-up time: 32K CK + 64 ms; [CKSEL=1001 SUT=10] Ext. Crystal/Resonator Low Freq.; Start-up time: 258 CK + 4 ms; [CKSEL=1010 SUT=00] Ext. Crystal/Resonator Low Freq.; Start-up time: 258 CK + 64 ms; [CKSEL=1010 SUT=01] Ext. Crystal/Resonator Low Freq.; Start-up time: 1K CK + 0 ms; [CKSEL=1010 SUT=10] Ext. Crystal/Resonator Low Freq.; Start-up time: 1K CK + 4 ms; [CKSEL=1010 SUT=11] Ext. Crystal/Resonator Low Freq.; Start-up time: 1K CK + 64 ms; [CKSEL=1011 SUT=00] Ext. Crystal/Resonator Low Freq.; Start-up time: 16K CK + 0 ms; [CKSEL=1011 SUT=01] Ext. Crystal/Resonator Low Freq.; Start-up time: 16K CK + 4 ms; [CKSEL=1011 SUT=10] Ext. Crystal/Resonator Low Freq.; Start-up time: 16K CK + 64 ms; [CKSEL=1011 SUT=11] Ext. Crystal/Resonator Medium Freq.; Start-up time: 258 CK + 4 ms; [CKSEL=1100 SUT=00] Ext. Crystal/Resonator Medium Freq.; Start-up time: 258 CK + 64 ms; [CKSEL=1100 SUT=01] Ext. Crystal/Resonator Medium Freq.; Start-up time: 1K CK + 0 ms; [CKSEL=1100 SUT=10] Ext. Crystal/Resonator Medium Freq.; Start-up time: 1K CK + 4 ms; [CKSEL=1100 SUT=11] Ext. Crystal/Resonator Medium Freq.; Start-up time: 1K CK + 64 ms; [CKSEL=1101 SUT=00] Ext. Crystal/Resonator Medium Freq.; Start-up time: 16K CK + 0 ms; [CKSEL=1101 SUT=01] Ext. Crystal/Resonator Medium Freq.; Start-up time: 16K CK + 4 ms; [CKSEL=1101 SUT=10] Ext. Crystal/Resonator Medium Freq.; Start-up time: 16K CK + 64 ms; [CKSEL=1101 SUT=11] Ext. Crystal/Resonator High Freq.; Start-up time: 258 CK + 4 ms; [CKSEL=1110 SUT=00] Ext. Crystal/Resonator High Freq.; Start-up time: 258 CK + 64 ms; [CKSEL=1110 SUT=01] Ext. Crystal/Resonator High Freq.; Start-up time: 1K CK + 0 ms; [CKSEL=1110 SUT=10] Ext. Crystal/Resonator High Freq.; Start-up time: 1K CK + 4 ms; [CKSEL=1110 SUT=11] Ext. Crystal/Resonator High Freq.; Start-up time: 1K CK + 64 ms; [CKSEL=1111 SUT=00] Ext. Crystal/Resonator High Freq.; Start-up time: 16K CK + 0 ms; [CKSEL=1111 SUT=01] Ext. Crystal/Resonator High Freq.; Start-up time: 16K CK + 4 ms; [CKSEL=1111 SUT=10] Ext. Crystal/Resonator High Freq.; Start-up time: 16K CK + 64 ms; [CKSEL=1111 SUT=11] 上表的英文翻譯說明如下：
英文
中文
On-Chip Debug Enabled 片內(nèi) 調(diào)試 使能 JTAG Interface Enabled JTAG 接口 使能 Serial program downloading (SPI) enabled 串行編程下載(SPI) 使能 (ISP下載時(shí)該位不能修改) Preserve EEPROM memory through the Chip Erase cycle; 芯片擦除時(shí)EEPROM的內(nèi)容保留 Boot Flash section size=xxxx words 引導(dǎo)(Boot)區(qū)大小為xxx個(gè)詞 Boot start address=$yyyy; 引導(dǎo)(Boot)區(qū)開始地址為 $yyyy Boot Reset vector Enabled 引導(dǎo)(Boot)、復(fù)位 向量 使能 Brown-out detection level at VCC=xxxx V; 掉電檢測的電平為 VCC=xxxx 伏 Brown-out detection enabled; 掉電檢測使能 Start-up time: xxx CK + yy ms 啟動(dòng)時(shí)間 xxx 個(gè)時(shí)鐘周期 + yy 毫秒 Ext. Clock; 外部時(shí)鐘 Int. RC Osc. 內(nèi)部 RC(阻容) 振蕩器 Ext. RC Osc. 外部 RC(阻容) 振蕩器 Ext. Low-Freq. Crystal; 外部 低頻 晶體 Ext. Crystal/Resonator Low Freq 外部晶體/陶瓷振蕩器 低頻 Ext. Crystal/Resonator Medium Freq 外部晶體/陶瓷振蕩器 中頻 Ext. Crystal/Resonator High Freq 外部晶體/陶瓷振蕩器 高頻 注：以上中文是對照 ATmega16的中、英文版本數(shù)據(jù)手冊而翻譯。盡量按照了官方的中文術(shù)語。
應(yīng)用舉例：
比如我們想使用片內(nèi)的RC振蕩(即不需要接晶振)，可以選擇選擇下面三者之一： Int. RC Osc. 8 MHz; Start-up time: 6 CK + 0 ms; [CKSEL=0100 SUT=00] Int. RC Osc. 8 MHz; Start-up time: 6 CK + 4 ms; [CKSEL=0100 SUT=01] Int. RC Osc. 8 MHz; Start-up time: 6 CK + 64 ms; [CKSEL=0100 SUT=10]比如我們想使用外部7.3728M晶振，可以選擇選擇下面三者之一： Ext. Crystal/Resonator High Freq.; Start-up time: 258 CK + 4 ms; [CKSEL=1110 SUT=00] 或后面與Ext. Crystal/Resonator High Freq.;.... 有關(guān)的選擇。
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