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          EEPW首頁(yè) > 嵌入式系統(tǒng) > 設(shè)計(jì)應(yīng)用 > 基于ARM的嵌入式Linux移植真實(shí)體驗(yàn)(2)――BootLoader

          基于ARM的嵌入式Linux移植真實(shí)體驗(yàn)(2)――BootLoader

          作者: 時(shí)間:2016-11-09 來(lái)源:網(wǎng)絡(luò) 收藏
          BootLoader指系統(tǒng)啟動(dòng)后,在操作系統(tǒng)內(nèi)核運(yùn)行之前運(yùn)行的一段小程序。通過(guò)BootLoader,我們可以初始化硬件設(shè)備、建立內(nèi)存空間的映射圖,從而將系統(tǒng)的軟硬件環(huán)境帶到一個(gè)合適的狀態(tài),以便為最終調(diào)用操作系統(tǒng)內(nèi)核準(zhǔn)備好正確的環(huán)境。通常,BootLoader是嚴(yán)重地依賴于硬件而實(shí)現(xiàn)的,特別是在嵌入式世界。因此,在嵌入式世界里建立一個(gè)通用的 BootLoader 幾乎是不可能的。盡管如此,我們?nèi)匀豢梢詫?duì)BootLoader歸納出一些通用的概念來(lái),以指導(dǎo)用戶特定的BootLoader設(shè)計(jì)與實(shí)現(xiàn)。
          BootLoader 的實(shí)現(xiàn)依賴于CPU的體系結(jié)構(gòu),因此大多數(shù) BootLoader 都分為stage1 和stage2 兩大部分。依賴于CPU體系結(jié)構(gòu)的代碼,比如設(shè)備初始化代碼等,通常都放在 stage1中,而且通常都用匯編語(yǔ)言來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn),以達(dá)到短小精悍的目的。而stage2 則通常用C 語(yǔ)言來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn),這樣可以實(shí)現(xiàn)更復(fù)雜的功能,而且代碼會(huì)具有更好的可讀性和可移植性。
          BootLoader 的 stage1 通常包括以下步驟:
          Ø 硬件設(shè)備初始化;
          Ø 為加載Boot Loader的stage2準(zhǔn)備 RAM 空間;
          Ø 拷貝Boot Loader的stage2 到RAM空間中;
          Ø 設(shè)置好堆棧;
          Ø 跳轉(zhuǎn)到 stage2 的 C 入口點(diǎn)。
          Boot Loader的stage2通常包括以下步驟:
          Ø 初始化本階段要使用到的硬件設(shè)備;
          Ø 檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)內(nèi)存映射(memory map);
          Ø 將kernel 映像和根文件系統(tǒng)映像從flash上讀到 RAM 空間中;
          Ø 為內(nèi)核設(shè)置啟動(dòng)參數(shù);
          Ø 調(diào)用內(nèi)核。
          本系統(tǒng)中的BootLoader參照韓國(guó)mizi公司的vivi進(jìn)行修改。
          1.開(kāi)發(fā)環(huán)境
          我們購(gòu)買了武漢創(chuàng)維特信息技術(shù)有限公司開(kāi)發(fā)的具有自主知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的應(yīng)用于嵌入式軟件開(kāi)發(fā)的集成軟、硬件開(kāi)發(fā)平臺(tái)ADT(ARM Development Tools)它為基于ARM 核的嵌入式應(yīng)用提供了一整套完備的開(kāi)發(fā)方案,包括程序編輯、工程管理和設(shè)置、程序編譯、程序調(diào)試等。
          ADT嵌入式開(kāi)發(fā)環(huán)境由ADT Emulator for ARM 和ADT IDE for ARM組成。ADT Emulator for ARM 通過(guò)JTAG 實(shí)現(xiàn)主機(jī)和目標(biāo)機(jī)之間的調(diào)試支持功能。它無(wú)需目標(biāo)存儲(chǔ)器,不占用目標(biāo)系統(tǒng)的任何端口資源。目標(biāo)程序直接在目標(biāo)板上運(yùn)行,通過(guò)ARM 芯片的JTAG 邊界掃描口進(jìn)行調(diào)試,屬于完全非插入式調(diào)試,其仿真效果接近真實(shí)系統(tǒng)。
          ADT IDE for ARM 為用戶提供高效明晰的圖形化嵌入式應(yīng)用軟件開(kāi)發(fā)環(huán)境,包括一整套完備的面向嵌入式系統(tǒng)的開(kāi)發(fā)和調(diào)試工具:源碼編輯器、工程管理器、工程編譯器(編譯器、匯編器和連接器)、集成調(diào)試環(huán)境、ADT Emulator for ARM 調(diào)試接口等。其界面同Microsoft Visual Studio 環(huán)境相似,用戶可以在ADT IDE for ARM 集成開(kāi)發(fā)環(huán)境中創(chuàng)建工程、打開(kāi)工程,建立、打開(kāi)和編輯文件,編譯、連接、設(shè)置、運(yùn)行、調(diào)試嵌入式應(yīng)用程序。
          ADT嵌入式軟件開(kāi)發(fā)環(huán)境采用主機(jī)-目標(biāo)機(jī)交叉開(kāi)發(fā)模型。ADT IDE for ARM 運(yùn)行于主機(jī)端,而ADT Emulator for ARM 實(shí)現(xiàn)ADT IDE for ARM 與目標(biāo)機(jī)之間的連接。開(kāi)發(fā)時(shí),首先由ADT IDE for ARM 編譯連接生成目標(biāo)代碼,然后建立與ADT Emulator for ARM 之間的調(diào)試通道,調(diào)試通道建立成功后,就可以在ADT IDE for ARM 中通過(guò)ADT Emulator for ARM 控制目標(biāo)板實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)程序的調(diào)試,包括將目標(biāo)代碼下載到目標(biāo)機(jī)中,控制程序運(yùn)行,調(diào)試信息觀察等等。

          2.ARM匯編
          ARM本身屬于RISC指令系統(tǒng),指令條數(shù)就很少,而其編程又以C等高級(jí)語(yǔ)言為主,我們僅需要在Bootloader的第一階段用到少量匯編指令
          (1)+-運(yùn)算
          ADD r0, r1, r2
          ―― r0 := r1 + r2
          SUB r0, r1, r2
          ―― r0 := r1 - r2
          其中的第二個(gè)操作數(shù)可以是一個(gè)立即數(shù):
          ADD r3, r3, #1
          ―― r3 := r3 + 1
          第二個(gè)操作數(shù)還可以是位移操作后的結(jié)果:
          ADD r3, r2, r1, LSL #3
          ―― r3 := r2 + 8.r1
          (2)位運(yùn)算
          AND r0, r1, r2
          ―― r0 := r1 and r2
          ORR r0, r1, r2
          ―― r0 := r1 or r2
          EOR r0, r1, r2
          ―― r0 := r1 xor r2
          BIC r0, r1, r2
          ―― r0 := r1 and not r2
          (3)寄存器搬移
          MOV r0, r2
          ―― r0 := r2
          MVN r0, r2
          ―― r0 := not r2
          (4)比較
          CMP r1, r2
          ―― set cc on r1 - r2
          CMN r1, r2
          ―― set cc on r1 + r2
          TST r1, r2
          ―― set cc on r1 and r2
          TEQ r1, r2
          ―― set cc on r1 or r2
          這些指令影響CPSR寄存器中的 (N, Z, C, V) 位
          (5)內(nèi)存操作
          LDR r0, [r1]
          ―― r0 := mem [r1]
          STR r0, [r1]
          ―― mem [r1] := r0
          LDR r0, [r1, #4]
          ―― r0 := mem [r1+4]
          LDR r0, [r1, #4] !
          ―― r0 := mem [r1+4] r1 := r1 + 4
          LDR r0, [r1], #4
          ―― r0 := mem [r1] r1 := r1 +4
          LDRB r0 , [r1]
          ―― r0 := mem8 [r1]
          LDMIA r1, {r0, r2, r5}
          ―― r0 := mem [r1] r2 := mem [r1+4] r5 := mem [r1+8]
          {..} 可以包括r0~r15中的所有寄存器,若包括r15 (PC)將導(dǎo)致程序的跳轉(zhuǎn)。
          (6)控制流
          例1:
          MOV r0, #0 ; initialize counter
          LOOP:
          ADD r0, r0, #1 ; increment counter
          CMP r0, #10 ; compare with limit
          BNE LOOP ; repeat if not equal
          例2:
          CMP r0, #5
          ADDNE r1, r1, r0
          SUBNE r1, r1, r2
          ――
          if (r0 != 5) {
          r1 := r1 + r0 - r2
          }
          3.BootLoader第一階段
          3.1硬件設(shè)備初始化
          基本的硬件初始化工作包括:
          Ø 屏蔽所有的中斷;
          Ø 設(shè)置CPU的速度和時(shí)鐘頻率;
          Ø RAM初始化;
          Ø 初始化LED
          ARM的中斷向量表設(shè)置在0地址開(kāi)始的8個(gè)字空間中,如下表:
          每當(dāng)其中的某個(gè)異常發(fā)生后即將PC值置到相應(yīng)的中斷向量處,每個(gè)中斷向量處放置一個(gè)跳轉(zhuǎn)指令到相應(yīng)的中斷服務(wù)程序去進(jìn)行處理,中斷向量表的程序如下:
          @ 0x00: Reset
          b Reset
          @ 0x04: Undefined instruction exception
          UndefEntryPoint:
          b HandleUndef
          @ 0x08: Software interrupt exception
          SWIEntryPoint:
          b HandleSWI
          @ 0x0c: Prefetch Abort (Instruction Fetch Memory Abort)
          PrefetchAbortEnteryPoint:
          b HandlePrefetchAbort
          @ 0x10: Data Access Memory Abort
          DataAbortEntryPoint:
          b HandleDataAbort
          @ 0x14: Not used
          NotUsedEntryPoint:
          b HandleNotUsed
          @ 0x18: IRQ(Interrupt Request) exception
          IRQEntryPoint:
          b HandleIRQ
          @ 0x1c: FIQ(Fast Interrupt Request) exception
          FIQEntryPoint:
          b HandleFIQ
          復(fù)位時(shí)關(guān)閉看門狗定時(shí)器、屏蔽所有中斷:
          Reset:
          @ disable watch dog timer
          mov r1, #0x53000000
          mov r2, #0x0
          str r2, [r1]
          @ disable all interrupts
          mov r1, #INT_CTL_BASE
          mov r2, #0xffffffff
          str r2, [r1, #oINTMSK]
          ldr r2, =0x7ff
          str r2, [r1, #oINTSUBMSK]
          設(shè)置系統(tǒng)時(shí)鐘:
          @init clk
          @ 1:2:4
          mov r1, #CLK_CTL_BASE
          mov r2, #0x3
          str r2, [r1, #oCLKDIVN]
          mrc p15, 0, r1, c1, c0, 0 @ read ctrl register
          orr r1, r1, #0xc0000000 @ Asynchronous
          mcr p15, 0, r1, c1, c0, 0 @ write ctrl register
          @ now, CPU clock is 200 Mhz
          mov r1, #CLK_CTL_BASE
          ldr r2, mpll_200mhz
          str r2, [r1, #oMPLLCON]
          點(diǎn)亮所有的用戶LED:
          @ All LED on
          mov r1, #GPIO_CTL_BASE
          add r1, r1, #oGPIO_F
          ldr r2,=0x55aa
          str r2, [r1, #oGPIO_CON]
          mov r2, #0xff
          str r2, [r1, #oGPIO_UP]
          mov r2, #0x00
          str r2, [r1, #oGPIO_DAT]
          設(shè)置(初始化)內(nèi)存映射:
          ENTRY(memsetup)
          @ initialise the static memory
          @ set memory control registers
          mov r1, #MEM_CTL_BASE
          adrl r2, mem_cfg_val
          add r3, r1, #52
          1: ldr r4, [r2], #4
          str r4, [r1], #4
          cmp r1, r3
          bne 1b
          mov pc, lr
          設(shè)置(初始化)UART:
          @ set GPIO for UART
          mov r1, #GPIO_CTL_BASE
          add r1, r1, #oGPIO_H
          ldr r2, gpio_con_uart
          str r2, [r1, #oGPIO_CON]
          ldr r2, gpio_up_uart
          str r2, [r1, #oGPIO_UP]
          bl InitUART
          @ Initialize UART
          @
          @ r0 = number of UART port
          InitUART:
          ldr r1, SerBase
          mov r2, #0x0
          str r2, [r1, #oUFCON]
          str r2, [r1, #oUMCON]
          mov r2, #0x3
          str r2, [r1, #oULCON]
          ldr r2, =0x245
          str r2, [r1, #oUCON]
          #define UART_BRD ((50000000 / (UART_BAUD_RATE * 16)) - 1)
          mov r2, #UART_BRD
          str r2, [r1, #oUBRDIV]
          mov r3, #100
          mov r2, #0x0
          1: sub r3, r3, #0x1
          tst r2, r3
          bne 1b
          #if 0
          mov r2, #U
          str r2, [r1, #oUTXHL]
          1: ldr r3, [r1, #oUTRSTAT]
          and r3, r3, #UTRSTAT_TX_EMPTY
          tst r3, #UTRSTAT_TX_EMPTY
          bne 1b
          mov r2, #0
          str r2, [r1, #oUTXHL]
          1: ldr r3, [r1, #oUTRSTAT]
          and r3, r3, #UTRSTAT_TX_EMPTY
          tst r3, #UTRSTAT_TX_EMPTY
          bne 1b
          #endif
          mov pc, lr
          此外,vivi還提供了幾個(gè)匯編情況下通過(guò)串口打印字符的函數(shù)PrintChar、PrintWord和PrintHexWord:
          @ PrintChar : prints the character in R0
          @ r0 contains the character
          @ r1 contains base of serial port
          @ writes ro with XXX, modifies r0,r1,r2
          @ TODO : write ro with XXX reg to error handling
          PrintChar:
          TXBusy:
          ldr r2, [r1, #oUTRSTAT]
          and r2, r2, #UTRSTAT_TX_EMPTY
          tst r2, #UTRSTAT_TX_EMPTY
          beq TXBusy
          str r0, [r1, #oUTXHL]
          mov pc, lr
          @ PrintWord : prints the 4 characters in R0
          @ r0 contains the binary word
          @ r1 contains the base of the serial port
          @ writes ro with XXX, modifies r0,r1,r2
          @ TODO : write ro with XXX reg to error handling
          PrintWord:
          mov r3, r0
          mov r4, lr
          bl PrintChar
          mov r0, r3, LSR #8 /* shift word right 8 bits */
          bl PrintChar
          mov r0, r3, LSR #16 /* shift word right 16 bits */
          bl PrintChar
          mov r0, r3, LSR #24 /* shift word right 24 bits */
          bl PrintChar
          mov r0, #r
          bl PrintChar
          mov r0, #n
          bl PrintChar
          mov pc, r4
          @ PrintHexWord : prints the 4 bytes in R0 as 8 hex ascii characters
          @ followed by a newline
          @ r0 contains the binary word
          @ r1 contains the base of the serial port
          @ writes ro with XXX, modifies r0,r1,r2
          @ TODO : write ro with XXX reg to error handling
          PrintHexWord:
          mov r4, lr
          mov r3, r0
          mov r0, r3, LSR #28
          bl PrintHexNibble
          mov r0, r3, LSR #24
          bl PrintHexNibble
          mov r0, r3, LSR #20
          bl PrintHexNibble
          mov r0, r3, LSR #16
          bl PrintHexNibble
          mov r0, r3, LSR #12
          bl PrintHexNibble
          mov r0, r3, LSR #8
          bl PrintHexNibble
          mov r0, r3, LSR #4
          bl PrintHexNibble
          mov r0, r3
          bl PrintHexNibble
          mov r0, #r
          bl PrintChar
          mov r0, #n
          bl PrintChar
          mov pc, r4
          3.2Bootloader拷貝
          配置為從NAND FLASH啟動(dòng),需要將NAND FLASH中的vivi代碼copy到RAM中:
          #ifdef CONFIG_S3C2410_NAND_BOOT
          bl copy_myself
          @ jump to ram
          ldr r1, =on_the_ram
          add pc, r1, #0
          nop
          nop
          1: b 1b @ infinite loop
          #ifdef CONFIG_S3C2410_NAND_BOOT
          @
          @ copy_myself: copy vivi to ram
          @
          copy_myself:
          mov r10, lr
          @ reset NAND
          mov r1, #NAND_CTL_BASE
          ldr r2, =0xf830 @ initial value
          str r2, [r1, #oNFCONF]
          ldr r2, [r1, #oNFCONF]
          bic r2, r2, #0x800 @ enable chip
          str r2, [r1, #oNFCONF]
          mov r2, #0xff @ RESET command
          strb r2, [r1, #oNFCMD]
          mov r3, #0 @ wait
          1: add r3, r3, #0x1
          cmp r3, #0xa
          blt 1b
          2: ldr r2, [r1, #oNFSTAT] @ wait ready
          tst r2, #0x1
          beq 2b
          ldr r2, [r1, #oNFCONF]
          orr r2, r2, #0x800 @ disable chip
          str r2, [r1, #oNFCONF]
          @ get read to call C functions (for nand_read())
          ldr sp, DW_STACK_START @ setup stack pointer
          mov fp, #0 @ no previous frame, so fp=0
          @ copy vivi to RAM
          ldr r0, =VIVI_RAM_BASE
          mov r1, #0x0
          mov r2, #0x20000
          bl nand_read_ll
          tst r0, #0x0
          beq ok_nand_read
          #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_LL
          bad_nand_read:
          ldr r0, STR_FAIL
          ldr r1, SerBase
          bl PrintWord
          1: b 1b @ infinite loop
          #endif
          ok_nand_read:
          #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_LL
          ldr r0, STR_OK
          ldr r1, SerBase
          bl PrintWord
          #endif
          @ verify
          mov r0, #0
          ldr r1, =0x33f00000
          mov r2, #0x400 @ 4 bytes * 1024 = 4K-bytes
          go_next:
          ldr r3, [r0], #4
          ldr r4, [r1], #4
          teq r3, r4
          bne notmatch
          subs r2, r2, #4
          beq done_nand_read
          bne go_next
          notmatch:
          #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_LL
          sub r0, r0, #4
          ldr r1, SerBase
          bl PrintHexWord
          ldr r0, STR_FAIL
          ldr r1, SerBase
          bl PrintWord
          #endif
          1: b 1b
          done_nand_read:
          #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_LL
          ldr r0, STR_OK
          ldr r1, SerBase
          bl PrintWord
          #endif
          mov pc, r10
          @ clear memory
          @ r0: start address
          @ r1: length
          mem_clear:
          mov r2, #0
          mov r3, r2
          mov r4, r2
          mov r5, r2
          mov r6, r2
          mov r7, r2
          mov r8, r2
          mov r9, r2
          clear_loop:
          stmia r0!, {r2-r9}
          subs r1, r1, #(8 * 4)
          bne clear_loop
          mov pc, lr
          #endif @ CONFIG_S3C2410_NAND_BOOT
          3.3進(jìn)入C代碼
          首先要設(shè)置堆棧指針sp,堆棧指針的設(shè)置是為了執(zhí)行C語(yǔ)言代碼作好準(zhǔn)備。設(shè)置好堆棧后,調(diào)用C語(yǔ)言的main函數(shù):
          @ get read to call C functions
          ldr sp, DW_STACK_START @ setup stack pointer
          mov fp, #0 @ no previous frame, so fp=0
          mov a2, #0 @ set argv to NULL
          bl main @ call main
          mov pc, #FLASH_BASE @ otherwise, reboot
          4. BootLoader第二階段
          vivi Bootloader的第二階段又分成了八個(gè)小階段,在main函數(shù)中分別調(diào)用這幾個(gè)小階段的相關(guān)函數(shù):
          int main(int argc, char *argv[])
          {
          int ret;
          /*
          * Step 1:
          */
          putstr("rn");
          putstr(vivi_banner);
          reset_handler();
          /*
          * Step 2:
          */
          ret = board_init();
          if (ret) {
          putstr("Failed a board_init() procedurern");
          error();
          }
          /*
          * Step 3:
          */
          mem_map_init();
          mmu_init();
          putstr("Succeed memory mapping.rn");
          /*
          * Now, vivi is running on the ram. MMU is enabled.
          */
          /*
          * Step 4:
          */
          /* initialize the heap area*/
          ret = heap_init();
          if (ret) {
          putstr("Failed initailizing heap regionrn");
          error();
          }
          /* Step 5:
          */
          ret = mtd_dev_init();
          /* Step 6:
          */
          init_priv_data();
          /* Step 7:
          */
          misc();
          init_builtin_cmds();
          /* Step 8:
          */
          boot_or_vivi();
          return 0;
          }
          STEP1的putstr(vivi_banner)語(yǔ)句在串口輸出一段字符說(shuō)明vivi的版本、作者等信息,vivi_banner定義為:
          const char *vivi_banner =
          "VIVI version " VIVI_RELEASE " (" VIVI_COMPILE_BY "@"
          VIVI_COMPILE_HOST ") (" VIVI_COMPILER ") " UTS_VERSION "rn";
          reset_handler進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的復(fù)位處理:
          void
          reset_handler(void)
          {
          int pressed;
          pressed = is_pressed_pw_btn();
          if (pressed == PWBT_PRESS_LEVEL) {
          DPRINTK("HARD RESETrn");
          hard_reset_handle();
          } else {
          DPRINTK("SOFT RESETrn");
          soft_reset_handle();
          }
          }
          hard_reset_handle會(huì)clear內(nèi)存,而軟件復(fù)位處理則什么都不做:
          static void
          hard_reset_handle(void)
          {
          clear_mem((unsigned long)USER_RAM_BASE, (unsigned long)USER_RAM_SIZE);
          }
          STEP2進(jìn)行板初始化,設(shè)置時(shí)間和可編程I/O口:
          int board_init(void)
          {
          init_time();
          set_gpios();
          return 0;
          }
          STEP3進(jìn)行內(nèi)存映射及MMU初始化:
          void mem_map_init(void)
          {
          #ifdef CONFIG_S3C2410_NAND_BOOT
          mem_map_nand_boot();
          #else
          mem_map_nor();
          #endif
          cache_clean_invalidate();
          tlb_invalidate();
          }
          S3C2410A的MMU初始化只需要調(diào)用通用的arm920 MMU初始化函數(shù):
          static inline void arm920_setup(void)
          {
          unsigned long ttb = MMU_TABLE_BASE;
          __asm__(
          /* Invalidate caches */
          "mov r0, #0n"
          "mcr p15, 0, r0, c7, c7, 0n" /* invalidate I,D caches on v4 */
          "mcr p15, 0, r0, c7, c10, 4n" /* drain write buffer on v4 */
          "mcr p15, 0, r0, c8, c7, 0n" /* invalidate I,D TLBs on v4 */
          /* Load page table pointer */
          "mov r4, %0n"
          "mcr p15, 0, r4, c2, c0, 0n" /* load page table pointer */
          /* Write domain id (cp15_r3) */
          "mvn r0, #0n" /* Domains 0, 1 = client */
          "mcr p15, 0, r0, c3, c0, 0n" /* load domain access register */
          /* Set control register v4 */
          "mrc p15, 0, r0, c1, c0, 0n" /* get control register v4 */
          /* Clear out unwanted bits (then put them in if we need them) */
          /* .RVI ..RS B... .CAM */
          "bic r0, r0, #0x3000n" /* ..11 .... .... .... */
          "bic r0, r0, #0x0300n" /* .... ..11 .... .... */
          "bic r0, r0, #0x0087n" /* .... .... 1... .111 */
          /* Turn on what we want */
          /* Fault checking enabled */
          "orr r0, r0, #0x0002n" /* .... .... .... ..1. */
          #ifdef CONFIG_CPU_D_CACHE_ON
          "orr r0, r0, #0x0004n" /* .... .... .... .1.. */
          #endif
          #ifdef CONFIG_CPU_I_CACHE_ON
          "orr r0, r0, #0x1000n" /* ...1 .... .... .... */
          #endif
          /* MMU enabled */
          "orr r0, r0, #0x0001n" /* .... .... .... ...1 */
          "mcr p15, 0, r0, c1, c0, 0n" /* write control register */
          : /* no outputs */
          : "r" (ttb) );
          }
          STEP4設(shè)置堆棧;STEP5進(jìn)行mtd設(shè)備的初始化,記錄MTD分區(qū)信息;STEP6設(shè)置私有數(shù)據(jù);STEP7初始化內(nèi)建命令。
          STEP8啟動(dòng)一個(gè)SHELL,等待用戶輸出命令并進(jìn)行相應(yīng)處理。在SHELL退出的情況下,啟動(dòng)操作系統(tǒng):
          #define DEFAULT_BOOT_DELAY 0x30000000
          void boot_or_vivi(void)
          {
          char c;
          int ret;
          ulong boot_delay;
          boot_delay = get_param_value("boot_delay", &ret);
          if (ret) boot_delay = DEFAULT_BOOT_DELAY;
          /* If a value of boot_delay is zero,
          * unconditionally call vivi shell */
          if (boot_delay == 0) vivi_shell();
          /*
          * wait for a keystroke (or a button press if you want.)
          */
          printk("Press Return to start the LINUX now, any other key for vivin");
          c = awaitkey(boot_delay, NULL);
          if (((c != r) && (c != n) && (c != ))) {
          printk("type "help" for help.n");
          vivi_shell();
          }
          run_autoboot();
          return;
          }
          SHELL中讀取用戶從串口輸出的命令字符串,執(zhí)行該命令:
          void
          vivi_shell(void)
          {
          #ifdef CONFIG_SERIAL_TERM
          serial_term();
          #else
          #error there is no terminal.
          #endif
          }
          void serial_term(void)
          {
          char cmd_buf[MAX_CMDBUF_SIZE];
          for (;;) {
          printk("%s> ", prompt);
          getcmd(cmd_buf, MAX_CMDBUF_SIZE);
          /* execute a user command */
          if (cmd_buf[0])
          exec_string(cmd_buf);
          }
          }
          5.電路板調(diào)試
          在電路板的調(diào)試過(guò)程中,我們首先要在ADT新建的工程中添加第一階段的匯編代碼head.S文件,修改Link腳本,將代碼和數(shù)據(jù)映射到S3C2410A自帶的0x40000000開(kāi)始的4KB內(nèi)存空間內(nèi):
          SECTIONS
          {
          . = 0x40000000;
          .text : { *(.text) }
          Image_RO_Limit = .;
          Image_RW_Base = .;
          .data : { *(.data) }
          .rodata : { *(.rodata) }
          Image_ZI_Base = .;
          .bss : { *(.bss) }
          Image_ZI_Limit = .;
          __bss_start__ = .;
          __bss_end__ = .;
          __EH_FRAME_BEGIN__ = .;
          __EH_FRAME_END__ = .;
          PROVIDE (__stack = .);
          end = .;
          _end = .;
          .debug_info 0 : { *(.debug_info) }
          .debug_line 0 : { *(.debug_line) }
          .debug_abbrev 0 : { *(.debug_abbrev)}
          .debug_frame 0 : { *(.debug_frame) }
          }
          借助萬(wàn)用表、示波器等儀器儀表,調(diào)通SDRAM,并將vivi中自帶的串口、NAND FLASH驅(qū)動(dòng)添加到工程中,調(diào)試通過(guò)板上的串口和FLASH。如果板電路的原理與三星公司DEMO板有差距,則vivi中硬件的操作要進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的修改。全部調(diào)試通過(guò)后,修改vivi源代碼,重新編譯vivi,將其燒錄入NAND FLASH就可以在復(fù)位后啟動(dòng)這個(gè)Bootloader了。
          調(diào)試板上的新增硬件時(shí),宜在ADT中添加相應(yīng)的代碼,在不加載操作系統(tǒng)的情況下,單純地操作這些硬件。如果電路板設(shè)計(jì)有誤,要進(jìn)行飛線和割線等處理。
          6.小結(jié)
          本章講解了ARM匯編、Bootloader的功能,Bootloader的調(diào)試環(huán)境及ARM電路板的調(diào)試方法。



          關(guān)鍵詞: ARMLinux移植BootLoade

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