NANDFlashd的讀寫（基于s3c2440)

本文引用地址：http://www.ex-cimer.com/article/201611/318935.htm

1. #ifndef__TEST_H__
2. #define__TEST_H__
3. #include"def.h"
4. #defineMAX_NAND_BLOCK2048//一共2048塊
5. #defineNAND_PAGE_SIZE2048//每塊main區(qū)2k字節(jié)=2048
6. typedefstructnand_id_info//芯片的ID信息
7. {
8. U8IDm;//廠商ID
9. U8IDd;//設備ID
10. U8ID3rd;
11. U8ID4th;
12. U8ID5th;
13. }nand_id_info;
14. typedefstructbad_block_info//登記壞塊
15. {
16. U8area[MAX_NAND_BLOCK];//0表示非壞塊，1表示壞塊
17. U32sum;//壞塊的總數
18. }bad_block_info;
19. //NAND操作指令
20. #defineNAND_CMD_READ_1st0x00
21. #defineNAND_CMD_READ_2st0x30
22. #defineNAND_CMD_RANDOM_WRITE0x85//隨機寫
23. #defineNAND_CMD_RANDOM_READ_1st0x05
24. #defineNAND_CMD_RANDOM_READ_2st0xe0
25. #defineNAND_CMD_READ_CB_1st0x00//將NAND里一塊內容寫進另一塊
26. #defineNAND_CMD_READ_CB_2st0x35
27. #defineNAND_CMD_READ_ID0x90
28. #defineNAND_CMD_RES0xff//復位命令
29. #defineNAND_CMD_WRITE_PAGE_1st0x80
30. #defineNAND_CMD_WRITE_PAGE_2st0x10
31. #defineNAND_CMD_BLOCK_ERASE_1st0x60//擦除命令
32. #defineNAND_CMD_BLOCK_ERASE_2st0xd0
33. #defineNAND_CMD_READ_STATUS0x70
34. //NAND中斷向量
35. #defineINT_NFCON24
36. //NFCONFHCLK=100MHZ
37. #defineS3C2440_NFCONF_TACLS_init(1<<12)
38. #defineS3C2440_NFCONF_TWRPH0_init(4<<8)
39. #defineS3C2440_NFCONF_TWRPH1_init(0<<4)
40. #defineS3C2440_NFCONF_BusWidth_init(0)
41. #defineS3C2440_NFCONF_init()(rNFCONF=S3C2440_NFCONF_TACLS_init|/
42. S3C2440_NFCONF_TWRPH0_init|/
43. S3C2440_NFCONF_TWRPH1_init|/
44. S3C2440_NFCONF_BusWidth_init)
46. //NFCONT
47. #defineS3C2440_NFCONT_LockTight_init(0<<13)
48. #defineS3C2440_NFCONT_SoftLock_init(0<<12)
49. #defineS3C2440_NFCONT_EnbIllegalAccINT_init(1<<10)
50. #defineS3C2440_NFCONT_EnbRnBINT_init(0<<9)
51. #defineS3C2440_NFCONT_RnB_TransMode_init(0<<8)
52. #defineS3C2440_NFCONT_SpareECCLock_init(1<<6)
53. #defineS3C2440_NFCONT_MainECCLock_init(1<<5)
54. #defineS3C2440_NFCONT_InitECC_init(1<<4)
55. #defineS3C2440_NFCONT_Reg_nCE_init(1<<1)//初始配置片選無效
56. #defineS3C2440_NFCONT_MODE_init(0)
57. #defineS3C2440_NFCONT_init()(rNFCONT=S3C2440_NFCONT_LockTight_init|/
58. S3C2440_NFCONT_SoftLock_init|/
59. S3C2440_NFCONT_EnbIllegalAccINT_init|/
60. S3C2440_NFCONT_EnbRnBINT_init|/
61. S3C2440_NFCONT_RnB_TransMode_init|/
62. S3C2440_NFCONT_SpareECCLock_init|/
63. S3C2440_NFCONT_MainECCLock_init|/
64. S3C2440_NFCONT_InitECC_init|/
65. S3C2440_NFCONT_Reg_nCE_init|/
66. S3C2440_NFCONT_MODE_init)
67. //NFSTAT
68. #defineS3C2440_NFSTAT_init()(rNFSTAT&=0x3)
69. //NFESTAT0
70. #defineS3C2440_NFESTAT0_init()(rNFESTAT0=0)
71. //NFESTAT1
72. #defineS3C2440_NFESTAT1_init()(rNFESTAT1=0)
73. //
74. #defineselect_nand()(rNFCONT&=~(1<<1))
75. #definedis_select_nand()(rNFCONT|=1<<1)
76. #definecontroller_enable()(rNFCONT|=1)
77. #definecontroller_disable()(rNFCONT&=~1)
78. //
79. voidnand_flash_init(void);//初始化
80. voidnand_read_id(void);
81. externintnand_block_erase(U32num);//num要刪除的塊號
82. externintnand_page_write(U32addr,U8*buffer,U32size);//addr要寫的起始頁地址，buffer要寫的緩存，size要寫的字節(jié)大小最大為4G
83. externintnand_page_read(U32addr,U8*buffer,U32size);//addr開始頁地址,從每頁00地址開始讀
84. externintnand_random_read(U32paddr,U32offset,U8*data);//隨機讀數據paddr頁地址,offset頁內偏移地址
85. externintnand_random_write(U32paddr,U32offset,U8data);//隨機寫,paddr頁地址,offset頁內區(qū)最后一個地偏移地址
86. externvoidnand_test_bad_block(void);//測試壞塊函數，并標記在nand_bbi變量里和spare里（如果非0xff則為壞塊）
87. #endif
88. #include"2440addr.h"
89. #include"test.h"
90. #include"def.h"
91. #defineNAND_DEBUG1//打印一些串口調試信息
92. #defineUSE_ECC1//使用ECC驗證
93. nand_id_infonand_id;//定義登記芯片ID的全局變量
94. bad_block_infonand_bbi;//定義來登記壞的全局變量
95. voidinit_nand_bbi(void)//初始化變量
96. {
97. U32i;
98. nand_bbi.sum=0;
99. for(i=0;i
100. nand_bbi.area[i]=0;//全部初始化為0
101. }
102. voidnand_mask_bad_block(U32n)//標志壞塊,n是壞塊的塊號
103. {
104. #ifdefNAND_DEBUG
105. Uart_Printf("NANDfoundandmaskabadblock=%d.",n);
106. #endif
107. if(nand_bbi.area[n]!=1)
108. {
109. nand_bbi.area[n]=1;
110. nand_bbi.sum++;
111. nand_random_write(n*64,2048+64-1,0);//每塊的第一個spare的最后一個字節(jié)，標志本塊是否為壞塊,非0xff為壞塊
112. }
113. }
114. intdetect_nand_busy(void)//檢測是否忙
115. {
116. U32a;
117. a=0;
118. while(!(rNFSTAT&(1<<2)))
119. {
120. a++;
121. if(a==5000000)//等待超時
122. {
123. Uart_Printf("/r/nError:DetectNandBusytimeout!!!/r/n");
124. rNFSTAT|=(1<<2);//清忙標志
125. return-1;//錯誤返回-1
126. }
127. }
128. rNFSTAT|=(1<<2);//清忙標志
129. return1;
130. }
131. voidnand_reset(void)//NAND復位
132. {
133. rNFCMD=NAND_CMD_RES;
134. detect_nand_busy();//檢測忙
135. }
136. voidcontrol_start(void)//芯片開啟
137. {
138. select_nand();
139. controller_enable();
140. rNFSTAT|=(1<<2);//清忙標志
141. nand_reset();
142. }
143. voidcontrol_end(void)//芯片關閉
144. {
145. dis_select_nand();
146. controller_disable();
147. }
149. voidecc_main_init(void)//初始化ECC值
150. {
151. rNFCONT|=1<<4;//initEcc
152. }
154. voidecc_main_start(void)//開鎖mainECC
155. {
156. rNFCONT&=~(1<<5);//unlock
157. }
158. voidecc_main_end(void)//鎖定mainECC
159. {
160. rNFCONT|=1<<5;//lock
161. }
162. voidecc_spare_start(void)//開鎖spareECC
163. {
164. rNFCONT&=~(1<<6);//unlock
165. }
166. voidecc_spare_end(void)//鎖定spareECC
167. {
168. rNFCONT|=1<<6;//lock
169. }
170. void__irqnandINT(void)//NAND中斷函數
171. {
172. //此處寫處理代碼
173. #ifdefNAND_DEBUG
174. Uart_Printf("/r/nNandError...Ininterruptnow!!!");//只有錯誤才會進入中斷
175. #endif
176. rSRCPND|=0x1<
177. rINTPND|=0x1<
178. }
179. voidnand_read_id(void)//讀取芯片ID信息
180. {
181. control_start();//開控制
182. rNFCMD=NAND_CMD_READ_ID;
183. rNFADDR=0;
184. //讀芯片ID
185. nand_id.IDm=(U8)rNFDATA8;
186. nand_id.IDd=(U8)rNFDATA8;
187. nand_id.ID3rd=(U8)rNFDATA8;
188. nand_id.ID4th=(U8)rNFDATA8;
189. nand_id.ID5th=(U8)rNFDATA8;
190. //打印ID信息
191. #ifdefNAND_DEBUG
192. Uart_Printf("/r/nReadNANDFlashID:");
193. Uart_Printf("/r/nNANDMarkcode:0x%x",nand_id.IDm);
194. Uart_Printf("/r/nNANDDevicecode:0x%x",nand_id.IDd);
195. Uart_Printf("/r/nNAND3rdIDcode:0x%x",nand_id.ID3rd);
196. Uart_Printf("/r/nNAND4thIDcode:0x%x",nand_id.ID4th);
197. Uart_Printf("/r/nNAND5thIDcode:0x%x",nand_id.ID5th);
198. #endif
200. control_end();//關控制
201. }
202. //擦出時只要給定塊所在頁的地址，就能擦除整個塊
203. intnand_block_erase(U32num)//num要刪除的塊號
204. {
205. num=num*64;//每塊的第一頁
206. control_start();//開控制
207. nand_reset();//復位
208. rNFCMD=NAND_CMD_BLOCK_ERASE_1st;
209. rNFADDR=num&0xff;
210. rNFADDR=(num>>8)&0xff;
211. rNFADDR=(num>>16)&0xff;
212. rNFCMD=NAND_CMD_BLOCK_ERASE_2st;
213. detect_nand_busy();
215. rNFCMD=NAND_CMD_READ_STATUS;//讀狀態(tài)
216. if(rNFDATA8&1)//最低位可以判斷擦除和寫是否成功
217. {
218. #ifdefNAND_DEBUG
219. Uart_Printf("/r/nError:nanderaseerror...block=0x%x",num/64);
220. #endif
221. control_end();//關控制
222. nand_mask_bad_block(num/64);//登記為壞塊
223. return-1;//刪除錯誤返回0
224. }
226. control_end();//關控制
227. #ifdefNAND_DEBUG
228. Uart_Printf("/r/nNANDblock%derasecompleted.",num/64);
229. #endif
230. return1;//擦除成功
231. }
232. intnand_page_write(U32addr,U8*buffer,U32size)//addr要寫的起始頁地址，buffer要寫的緩存，size要寫的字節(jié)大小最大為4G
233. {
234. U32i,n,p,temp,ecc;
235. U8*bu;
236. bu=buffer;
237. temp=0;
238. n=size/2048+(((size%2048)==0)?0:1);//計算出要寫的頁數,小于一頁的部分當作一頁
240. for(i=0;i
241. {
242. control_start();//開控制
243. nand_reset();//復位
245. #ifdefUSE_ECC
246. ecc_main_init();
247. ecc_main_start();//可以產生main區(qū)ECC
248. #endif
249. rNFCMD=NAND_CMD_WRITE_PAGE_1st;
250. rNFADDR=0;//從每頁的0地址開始
251. rNFADDR=0;//從每頁的0地址開始
252. rNFADDR=(addr)&0xff;
253. rNFADDR=(addr>>8)&0xff;
254. rNFADDR=(addr>>16)&0xff;
256. for(p=0;p<2048;p++)//寫入一頁
257. {
258. temp=temp+1;
259. if(temp>size)
260. {
261. rNFDATA8=0xff;//多余的填寫0xff
262. }
263. else
264. {
265. rNFDATA8=*(bu+p);
266. }
267. }
268. //delay_lhg(100,100);//
269. #ifdefUSE_ECC
270. ecc_main_end();//鎖定main區(qū)ecc
271. ecc=rNFMECC0;
273. ecc_spare_start();//解鎖spare區(qū)ECC
274. //mainECC值寫入備用區(qū)的頭0~4個地址內
275. rNFDATA8=ecc&0xff;
276. rNFDATA8=(ecc>>8)&0xff;
277. rNFDATA8=(ecc>>16)&0xff;
278. rNFDATA8=(ecc>>24)&0xff;
279. ecc_spare_end();//鎖定spare區(qū)ECC
280. //delay_lhg(100,100);//
281. ecc=rNFSECC;//spareECC值寫入備用區(qū)的5~6兩個地址內
282. rNFDATA8=ecc&0xff;
283. rNFDATA8=(ecc>>8)&0xff;
284. #endif
286. bu=bu+2048;//頁增量
287. addr++;
289. rNFCMD=NAND_CMD_WRITE_PAGE_2st;
290. detect_nand_busy();//檢測忙
291. rNFCMD=NAND_CMD_READ_STATUS;//讀狀態(tài)
292. if(rNFDATA8&1)
293. {
294. #ifdefNAND_DEBUG
295. Uart_Printf("/r/nnandwritepageerror:pageaddr=0x%d",addr-1);//寫入失敗，以后改進
296. #endif
297. control_end();//關控制
298. nand_mask_bad_block((addr-1)/64);//登記為壞塊
299. return-1;//寫入錯誤返回-1
300. }
301. control_end();//關控制
302. }
303. return1;//成功返回1
304. }
305. intnand_page_read(U32addr,U8*buffer,U32size)//addr開始頁地址,從每頁00地址開始讀，size為需要讀的字節(jié)數
306. {
307. U32i,n,p,temp,ecc;
308. U8*bu,no;
309. bu=buffer;
310. temp=0;
312. n=size/2048+(((size%2048)==0)?0:1);//計算出要讀的頁數,小于一頁的部分當作一頁
314. for(i=0;i
315. {
316. control_start();//開控制
317. nand_reset();//復位
318. #ifdefUSE_ECC
319. rNFESTAT0=0;//復位錯誤標志位
320. ecc_main_init();
321. ecc_main_start();//可以產生main區(qū)ECC
322. #endif
324. rNFCMD=NAND_CMD_READ_1st;
325. rNFADDR=0;
326. rNFADDR=0;
327. rNFADDR=addr&0xff;
328. rNFADDR=(addr>>8)&0xff;
329. rNFADDR=(addr>>16)&0xff;
330. rNFCMD=NAND_CMD_READ_2st;
331. detect_nand_busy();
332. for(p=0;p<2048;p++)
333. {
334. temp=temp+1;
335. if(temp>size)
336. {
337. no=rNFDATA8;//多余的讀出來扔掉
338. }
339. else
340. {
341. *(bu+p)=rNFDATA8;
342. }
343. }
345. #ifdefUSE_ECC
346. rNFESTAT0=0;
347. ecc_main_end();//鎖定main區(qū)ECC
348. //delay_lhg(100,100);//
349. ecc_spare_start();//解鎖spare區(qū)ecc
350. ecc=rNFDATA8;//從flash讀出main區(qū)ECC，四個字節(jié)
351. no=rNFDATA8;
352. ecc|=((U32)no)<<8;
353. no=rNFDATA8;
354. ecc|=((U32)no)<<16;
355. no=rNFDATA8;
356. ecc|=((U32)no)<<24;
357. rNFMECCD0=((ecc&0xff00)<<8)|(ecc&0xff);//硬件檢驗mainECC
358. rNFMECCD1=((ecc&0xff000000)>>8)|((ecc&0xff0000)>>16);
359. ecc_spare_end();//鎖定spare區(qū)ecc
360. //delay_lhg(100,100);//
361. ecc=rNFDATA8;//從flash讀出spare區(qū)ECC的值
362. no=rNFDATA8;
363. ecc|=((U32)no)<<8;
365. rNFSECCD=((ecc&0xff00)<<8)|(ecc&0xff);//硬件檢驗spareECC
366. //delay_lhg(100,100);//延時一會
367. ecc=rNFESTAT0&0xffffff;//ecc只是臨時用一下錯誤狀態(tài)，并非ecc內容
369. if(ecc!=0)//有錯誤
370. {
371. //以后再優(yōu)化
372. #ifdefNAND_DEBUG
373. Uart_Printf("/r/nNandecccheckerror...pageaddr=0x%x,NFESTAT0=0x%x",addr,ecc);
374. #endif
375. nand_mask_bad_block((addr+i)/64);//登記為壞塊
376. return-1;
377. }
378. #endif
380. bu=bu+2048;
381. addr++;
382. control_end();//關控制
383. }
384. return1;
385. }
386. intnand_random_read(U32paddr,U32offset,U8*data)//隨機讀數據paddr頁地址,offset頁內偏移地址
387. {
388. control_start();//開控制
389. nand_reset();//復位
391. rNFCMD=NAND_CMD_READ_1st;
392. rNFADDR=0;
393. rNFADDR=0;
394. rNFADDR=paddr&0xff;
395. rNFADDR=(paddr>>8)&0xff;
396. rNFADDR=(paddr>>16)&0xff;
397. rNFCMD=NAND_CMD_READ_2st;
399. detect_nand_busy();
400. rNFCMD=NAND_CMD_RANDOM_READ_1st;
401. rNFADDR=offset&0xff;//寫入頁內偏移地址
402. rNFADDR=(offset>>8)&0xff;
403. rNFCMD=NAND_CMD_RANDOM_READ_2st;
405. *data=rNFDATA8;
406. control_end();
407. return1;
408. }
409. intnand_random_write(U32paddr,U32offset,U8data)//隨機寫,paddr頁地址,offset頁內偏移地址
410. {
411. control_start();//開控制
412. nand_reset();//復位
414. rNFCMD=NAND_CMD_WRITE_PAGE_1st;
415. rNFADDR=0;
416. rNFADDR=0;
417. rNFADDR=paddr&0xff;
418. rNFADDR=(paddr>>8)&0xff;
419. rNFADDR=(paddr>>16)&0xff;
421. rNFCMD=NAND_CMD_RANDOM_WRITE;
422. rNFADDR=offset&0xff;//寫入頁內偏移地址
423. rNFADDR=(offset>>8)&0xff;
425. rNFDATA8=data;
426. rNFCMD=NAND_CMD_WRITE_PAGE_2st;
427. detect_nand_busy();//檢測忙
429. rNFCMD=NAND_CMD_READ_STATUS;//讀狀態(tài)
430. if(rNFDATA8&1)
431. {
432. #ifdefNAND_DEBUG
433. Uart_Printf("/r/nError:nandrandomwriteerror...paddr=0x%x,offset=0x%x",paddr,offset);
434. #endif
435. return-1;//刪除錯誤返回0
436. }
438. control_end();
439. return1;//成功返回1
440. }
441. voidnand_test_bad_block(void)//測試壞塊函數，并標記spare區(qū)最后一個地址，如果非0xff則為壞塊
442. {
444. U8dest[64*2048];//一個塊的main區(qū)容量
445. U8src[64*2048];
446. U32i,k;
448. #ifdefNAND_DEBUG
449. Uart_Printf("/r/ntestandmaskbadblockisbegain./r/n");
450. #endif
452. //main區(qū)檢測
453. for(i=0;i<64*2048;i++)
454. {
455. dest[i]=0xff;//初始化緩沖區(qū)
456. src[i]=0;
457. }
458. //刪除所有塊
459. for(i=0;i
460. {
461. nand_block_erase(i);
462. }
464. for(i=0;i
465. {
466. nand_page_write(i*64,src,64*2048);
467. nand_page_read(i*64,dest,64*2048);//使用了ecc校驗讀出來即可登記壞塊信息
468. }
469. for(i=0;i<64*2048;i++)
470. {
471. dest[i]=0;//初始化緩沖區(qū)
472. src[i]=0xff;
473. }
475. //刪除所有塊
476. for(i=0;i
477. {
478. nand_block_erase(i);
479. }
481. for(i=0;i
482. {
483. nand_page_write(i*64,src,64*2048);
484. nand_page_read(i*64,dest,64*2048);//使用了ecc校驗讀出來即可登記壞塊信息
485. }
487. //
488. //spare區(qū)檢測
489. for(i=0;i<64;i++)
490. {
491. dest[i]=0xff;//初始化緩沖區(qū)
492. src[i]=0;
493. }
495. //刪除所有塊
496. for(i=0;i
497. {
498. nand_block_erase(i);
499. }
501. for(i=0;i
502. {
503. if(nand_bbi.area[i/64]==1)//如果是壞塊則跳過
504. continue;
506. for(k=0;k<64;k++)
507. {
508. nand_random_write(i,2048+k,src[k]);
509. nand_random_read(i,2048+k,&dest[k]);
510. if(dest[k]!=src[k])//不相等則登記為壞塊
511. {
512. nand_mask_bad_block(i/64);
513. break;
514. }
515. }
517. }
519. for(i=0;i<64;i++)
520. {
521. dest[i]=0x0;//初始化緩沖區(qū)
522. src[i]=0xff;
523. }
525. //刪除所有塊
526. for(i=0;i
527. {
528. nand_block_erase(i);
529. }
531. for(i=0;i
532. {
533. if(nand_bbi.area[i/64]==1)//如果是壞塊則跳過
534. continue;
536. for(k=0;k<64;k++)
537. {
538. nand_random_write(i,2048+k,src[k]);
539. nand_random_read(i,2048+k,&dest[k]);
540. if(dest[k]!=src[k])//不相等則登記為壞塊
541. {
542. nand_mask_bad_block(i/64);
543. break;
544. }
545. }
546. }
548. #ifdefNAND_DEBUG
549. Uart_Printf("/r/ntestandmaskbadblockisover./r/n");
550. #endif
551. }
552. voidnand_flash_init(void)//初始化
553. {
554. #ifdefNAND_DEBUG
555. Uart_Printf("/r/nNANDFLASHinit");//
556. #endif
558. //中斷入口地址
559. pISR_NFCON=(U32)nandINT;
561. //配置GPIO
562. rGPGUP|=0x7<<13;//GPG13~15關閉上位
563. rGPGCON&=~((U32)0x3f<<26);//GPG13~15為輸入
565. //初始化各寄存器
566. S3C2440_NFCONF_init();
567. S3C2440_NFCONT_init();
568. S3C2440_NFSTAT_init();
569. S3C2440_NFESTAT0_init();
570. S3C2440_NFESTAT1_init();
572. //關于中斷
573. rINTMSK&=~(0x1<
574. rINTMOD&=~(0x1<
575. rSRCPND|=0x1<
576. rINTPND|=0x1<
578. //init_nand_bbi();//初始化全局變量
579. nand_read_id();//讀ID
580. //nand_test_bad_block();//測試并登記壞塊
581. }