如何降低能耗的可編程邏輯器件的設(shè)計,電源供應(yīng)自行車
將復(fù)雜可編程邏輯器件(CPLDs)應(yīng)用于需要嚴(yán)格功率預(yù)算的系統(tǒng)變得越來越普遍。例如:智能手機(jī)、手持儀表、錄像設(shè)備和導(dǎo)航裝置。盡管一些“零功耗”CPLDs待機(jī)時的功耗可以微安計算,但這些裝置滿足不了一些特殊設(shè)計的要求。在這種情況下,電動自行車設(shè)計人員必須提供一個可行的方案去實現(xiàn)低功耗。
負(fù)載循環(huán)中功耗減少是有事實根據(jù)的,這個事實就是大多數(shù)現(xiàn)在的設(shè)備通常很少用CPLD處理需求。例如:CPLD可以掃描鍵盤,看看關(guān)鍵通訊是否已經(jīng)發(fā)生,或者等待串行接口上的一些連接信號。
CPLDs向所有的集成電路一樣,不管運(yùn)行與否都會由于設(shè)備的傾向和泄漏從而產(chǎn)生功耗。而且裝置內(nèi)信號的開關(guān)CPLDs也會產(chǎn)生功耗。這個功耗叫做動態(tài)功耗。
動態(tài)功耗與實現(xiàn)的處理程序數(shù)量是成正比的。因此,0.1秒、100MHz時實現(xiàn)操作的功耗與在10秒、1MHz實現(xiàn)操作所需功耗幾乎是一樣的。
通過在短的時間范圍內(nèi)避免活動的要求和在休止的時候關(guān)掉CPLD的方式,動態(tài)和靜態(tài)功耗的這些特點可以把設(shè)計的功耗降到最低。
1.1負(fù)載循環(huán)方法概述
For the duty cycle approach to work, the power up and down time of the CPLD clearly needs to be brief compared with the frequency at which the CPLD must be activated in order to achieve the desired processing and system response time.為占空比工作方式,功率和時間的CPLD實現(xiàn)顯然需要很簡短的頻率相比,在這次會議上CPLD的必須啟動,以達(dá)到理想的加工和系統(tǒng)響應(yīng)時間。 Fortunately, currently available CPLD devices utilize on-chip, non-volatile memory that yields power up and down times below 1 mS.幸運(yùn)的是,現(xiàn)有的基于CPLD器件利用片上非易失性存儲器的產(chǎn)量權(quán)力向上和向下次低于1毫秒。 This allows CPLDs to be activated at frequencies up to the low hundreds of Hz while still yielding useful power savings due to the duty cycling approach.這使得CPLDs被激活頻率達(dá)低幾百赫茲同時還產(chǎn)生有益的省電由于工作地點騎自行車的方式。
Implementing the switch 執(zhí)行開關(guān)
When implementing the duty cycle approach, it is necessary to engineer the design so that it is possible to turn the CPLD device on and off.當(dāng)執(zhí)行工作周期的辦法,有必要的設(shè)計工程師,以便有可能把CPLD的裝置和關(guān)閉。 There are several methods available to achieve this.有幾種方法可實現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)。 However, the method chosen will be influenced by several factors.然而,選擇的方法將受到幾個因素的影響。 Key factors to consider include:關(guān)鍵要考慮的因素包括:
The number of power supplies the CPLD has.人數(shù)的CPLD的電力供應(yīng)已。
What other devices, if any, share power supplies with the device.還有哪些其他設(shè)備,如果有的話,共享電源裝置。
Whether devices sharing the same power supply rail can be duty cycled.無論是設(shè)備共享相同的電力供應(yīng)鐵路可免稅循環(huán)。
The controls available within the power supply subsystem for disabling power supplies在控制范圍內(nèi)現(xiàn)有的電源子系統(tǒng)禁用電源
There are three primary methods that can be considered when implementing duty cycling of the CPLD.有三個主要方法,可以被視為執(zhí)行職責(zé)時,騎自行車的CPLD實現(xiàn)。 The advantages and disadvantages of each method are described below.的優(yōu)點和缺點每個方法介紹如下。
Use Power Supply Disable on the Voltage Regulator Module (VRM) : Many designs use VRMs to provide power to the chips within the design, and often these modules have a power enable/disable input signal that can be used to duty cycle the CPLD. 電源使用禁用的電壓調(diào)節(jié)器模塊( VRM ) :許多設(shè)計使用VRMs提供電力的芯片的設(shè)計,而且往往是這些模塊的電源啟用/禁用輸入信號,可用于占空比的可編程邏輯器件。 The advantage of this approach is its relative simplicity.這種方法的優(yōu)點是其相對簡單。 One disadvantage of this approach is its course grained nature, requiring all devices that are fed by the particular module to be cycled on and off at the same time.一個缺點是它的這種做法當(dāng)然晶性質(zhì),要求所有設(shè)備,特別是美聯(lián)儲的模塊循環(huán)和關(guān)閉在同一時間。 The second disadvantage is that the time required to power down and power up the VRM reduces the frequency at which the duty cycling can occur.第二個缺點是,所需要的時間自動關(guān)閉電源和功率降低了VRM的頻率稅騎自行車,就可能發(fā)生。
Use FETs on the Power Lines to the CPLD(s) : In this approach FETs (Field Effect Transistors) are placed in the various power supply lines of the CPLD to be duty cycled. 使用場效應(yīng)管的電力線路上的可編程邏輯器件(補(bǔ)) :在這個辦法場效應(yīng)管(場效應(yīng)晶體管)被安置在各供電線路的CPLD實現(xiàn)的義務(wù)循環(huán)。 This approach has two key advantages.這種做法有兩個關(guān)鍵優(yōu)勢。 First, it allows specific device(s) to be duty cycled.首先,它可以讓特定裝置(縣)的工作地點循環(huán)。 Second, the power can be turned on and off very rapidly, which allows the device to be duty cycled at a higher frequency.第二,權(quán)力可以開啟和關(guān)閉非常迅速,這使得該器件成為義務(wù)循環(huán)在更高的頻率。 The disadvantage of this approach is that additional devices are required on the circuit board, driving up cost and board area.這種辦法的缺點是,需要額外的設(shè)備上的電路板,推高的成本和電路板面積。
Use CPLD Sleep-Pin Functionality : An increasing number of PLDs, such as Lattice's MachXO family, incorporate a sleep pin that allows the device to be disabled and the static power consumption reduced to almost zero. 使用CPLD的睡眠引腳功能 :越來越多的可編程邏輯器件,如Lattice的MachXO家庭,納入了“睡眠引腳”使設(shè)備被禁用和靜態(tài)功耗降低到幾乎為零。 This functionality can be used to implement duty cycling.這項功能可以用來執(zhí)行責(zé)任騎自行車。 With this approach, only the specific CPLD is duty cycled and the turn on and off times allow for a high frequency of duty cycling.用這個辦法,只有具體的CPLD的是騎自行車和義務(wù)打開和關(guān)閉時間允許高頻工作地點騎自行車。 This approach also uses minimal components, saving cost and board area.這種方法還利用最少的元件,節(jié)省成本和電路板面積。
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