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> <a href="/info/articlelist/special/intl/type/3">業(yè)界動(dòng)態(tài)</a> > 聽說這屆世界杯，露天球場(chǎng)裝滿了空調(diào)？這得花多少錢??！</p> </div> </div> </div>   <script src="https://forum.eepw.com.cn/jscontent/wenzilian" type="text/javascript"></script>  <div class="13z3htb" id="container"> <section> <article> <h1>聽說這屆世界杯，露天球場(chǎng)裝滿了空調(diào)？這得花多少錢??！</h1> <div id="dhvdlr7" class="authorTimeSource"> <span>作者：Lilyann</span> <span>時(shí)間：2022-11-25</span> <span>來源：果殼</span> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/> <span style="float:right; width:130px;margin-right:0px; text-align:right;"> <div id="tvvnv1r" class="nav0"> <ul> <li><a href="javascript:void(0);"><img src="http://www.ex-cimer.com/event/action/images/icon_add_4.png" width="20" border="0" align="absmiddle" />加入技術(shù)交流群</a> <ul> <li style="text-align:center;"><img src="http://www.ex-cimer.com/event/company/images/code_1.jpg" width="130"><br />掃碼加入<br />和技術(shù)大咖面對(duì)面交流<br />海量資料庫查詢</li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </span> <span style="float:right; width:30px;margin-right:0px; text-align:right;"><a rel="nofollow">收藏</a></span> </div> <div id="bfnx3pd" class="hAd4_Afinal20a_back">  <iframe id='a890e388' name='a890e388' src='https://ad.eepw.com.cn/www/delivery/afr.php?zoneid=88&cb=INSERT_RANDOM_NUMBER_HERE' frameborder='0' scrolling='no' width='660' height='60'><a target='_blank'><img src='https://ad.eepw.com.cn/www/delivery/avw.php?zoneid=88&cb=INSERT_RANDOM_NUMBER_HERE&n=a635e61e' border='0' alt='' /></a></iframe> </div> <div style="margin-top:28px;"></div> <div id="7llddvt" class="content" id="contentDiv" style="position:relative;"> <div id="l99lf93" class="ad_300x180_Afinal13_back">  <iframe id='a225770a' name='a225770a' src='https://ad.eepw.com.cn/www/delivery/afr.php?zoneid=87&cb=INSERT_RANDOM_NUMBER_HERE' frameborder='0' scrolling='no' width='300' height='200'><a target='_blank'><img src='https://ad.eepw.com.cn/www/delivery/avw.php?zoneid=87&cb=INSERT_RANDOM_NUMBER_HERE&n=a576c0a2' border='0' alt='' /></a></iframe> </div> <span id="contentlabels" style="font-size:14px;"><p style="text-indent: 2em; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 微軟雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";">2022 年卡塔爾世界杯，終于開幕了！</span></p>本文引用地址：<a href="http://www.ex-cimer.com/article/202211/440896.htm">http://www.ex-cimer.com/article/202211/440896.htm</a><p style="text-indent: 2em; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 微軟雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";">多哈時(shí)間 11 月 20 日晚 7 點(diǎn)，也就是北京時(shí)間 21 日零點(diǎn)，第一聲哨響在海灣球場(chǎng)響起。這是世界杯歷史上第一次走進(jìn)中東，更破天荒地在年末舉辦。讓中國(guó)球迷的觀賽配置，從露天啤酒小燒烤，變成了圍爐火鍋大棉襖。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 微軟雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";">因?yàn)榭ㄋ枌?shí)在太熱了，今夏最高溫度達(dá) 48 ℃，協(xié)調(diào)之下才改到了當(dāng)?shù)氐亩九e辦。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 微軟雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";">即便如此，也遠(yuǎn)不算清涼。</span></p><p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://editerupload.eepw.com.cn/fetch/202211/695eb74a2a85610aa2aeb8ee6e1cc060.png" title="聽說這屆世界杯，露天球場(chǎng)裝滿了空調(diào)？這得花多少錢?。? width="600" height="276" alt="聽說這屆世界杯，露天球場(chǎng)裝滿了空調(diào)？這得花多少錢??！"/></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 14px; font-family: 微軟雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";">多哈 18 日至 24 日氣象預(yù)報(bào) ｜來源：weather.com.cn</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 微軟雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";">諾丁漢大學(xué)模擬預(yù)測(cè)，在人頭攢動(dòng)的球場(chǎng)內(nèi)，還會(huì)熱得多。觀眾席溫度可達(dá) 35 到 37℃，中央溫度甚至可能有 42℃。遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過了 FIFA 建議的舒適溫度范圍：20 到 25.5℃。</span></p><p><span style="font-family: 微軟雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";"><strong><span style="font-family: 微軟雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 16px;">怎么辦？卡塔爾大手一揮，開空調(diào)！</span></strong></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 微軟雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";">試想一下，在能容納幾萬人的露天場(chǎng)地吹空調(diào)，就像是一邊把房間所有窗戶都打開，一邊把空調(diào)調(diào)到最低溫度猛吹。聽起來就費(fèi)錢費(fèi)力。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 微軟雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";">而這樣的空調(diào)球場(chǎng)，卡塔爾建了七個(gè)。（其余一座哈利法國(guó)際體育場(chǎng)為翻新）</span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="http://editerupload.eepw.com.cn/fetch/202211/a3bc27428e2ed78e31f03867690bd237.png" title="聽說這屆世界杯，露天球場(chǎng)裝滿了空調(diào)？這得花多少錢??！" width="800" height="633" alt="聽說這屆世界杯，露天球場(chǎng)裝滿了空調(diào)？這得花多少錢啊！"/></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-family: 微軟雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";">世界杯八大場(chǎng)館 | 來源：qatar 2022</span></p><p><span style="font-family: 微軟雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";"><strong>為一個(gè)開放球場(chǎng)降溫總共分幾步？</strong></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 微軟雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";">卡塔爾到底有多熱？有網(wǎng)友這樣說：“上一次在亞洲舉行的世界杯，比賽用球叫‘飛火流星’，如果在卡塔爾的夏天舉行世界杯，氣溫四五十度...... 估計(jì)每個(gè)人都是飛著的火流星?！?/span></p><p><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 微軟雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";">別看足球運(yùn)動(dòng)員踢起比賽來常常風(fēng)雨無阻，高溫仍會(huì)帶來不少影響。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 微軟雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";">2004 年葡萄牙歐洲杯，第一輪球隊(duì)都表現(xiàn)出色，但隨著天氣越來越熱，球隊(duì)失去了動(dòng)力，比賽節(jié)奏變得越來越慢；2006 年德國(guó)世界杯同理，下午的比賽都相當(dāng)緩慢，晚上的比賽則更具攻擊性。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 微軟雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";">而且，花大價(jià)錢建的球場(chǎng)只能每年冬季使用，性價(jià)比未免太低了。為了未來能充分利用，而不是比賽一結(jié)束就淪為巨大閑置物，降溫必不可少。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 微軟雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";">過去的世界杯，面對(duì)高溫，通常只是采用“全封閉球場(chǎng) + 透氣球衣”的配置?？ㄋ杽t走得更遠(yuǎn)，在球場(chǎng)的設(shè)計(jì)上注入了諸多巧思。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 微軟雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";">首先，盡可能將暖空氣擋在建筑外面。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 微軟雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";">為減少日光直曬，卡塔爾世界杯的八大場(chǎng)館大多坐落在東西軸線上。這樣一來，當(dāng)白天有太陽的時(shí)候，可以保證球場(chǎng)和看臺(tái)能享受最大的陰涼范圍。</span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="http://editerupload.eepw.com.cn/202211/1669366590370771.gif" title="聽說這屆世界杯，露天球場(chǎng)裝滿了空調(diào)？這得花多少錢啊！" width="346" height="194"/></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 微軟雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(127, 127, 127);">世界杯場(chǎng)館的朝向精心設(shè)置 | 來源：足球之路<br/></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 微軟雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";">黑色吸熱，所以八個(gè)場(chǎng)館大多采用淺色表層。連最開始以沙漠中傳統(tǒng)的貝都因帳篷為設(shè)計(jì)原型的海灣體育場(chǎng)，也因?yàn)橐禍夭坏貌粡暮谏某闪税咨?。效果立竿見影：室?nèi)溫度一下就降低了 5℃。</span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="http://editerupload.eepw.com.cn/fetch/202211/80ab61d50ecfff88ab0e49209fb8ea32.jpeg" title="聽說這屆世界杯，露天球場(chǎng)裝滿了空調(diào)？這得花多少錢??！" width="645" height="484"/></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-family: 微軟雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";">貝都因帳篷 | 來源：rhitents</span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="http://editerupload.eepw.com.cn/202211/1669366598151515.jpg" title="聽說這屆世界杯，露天球場(chǎng)裝滿了空調(diào)？這得花多少錢??！" width="800" height="353" alt="聽說這屆世界杯，露天球場(chǎng)裝滿了空調(diào)？這得花多少錢??！"/></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 微軟雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei"; color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 14px;">海灣球場(chǎng) | 來源：The Stadium Guide<br/></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 微軟雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";">為盡可能避免太陽光“入侵”，八大場(chǎng)館之一的教育城體育館設(shè)計(jì)成了一顆閃閃發(fā)光的鉆石。菱形格紋的外立面具有超高的陽光反射率，顯得炫目而亮眼；場(chǎng)地也建設(shè)得略低于地面，以控制場(chǎng)內(nèi)溫度。</span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="http://editerupload.eepw.com.cn/fetch/202211/3beee3443155e54c71bb3cb62f4eafce.png" title="聽說這屆世界杯，露天球場(chǎng)裝滿了空調(diào)？這得花多少錢啊！" width="800" height="350" alt="聽說這屆世界杯，露天球場(chǎng)裝滿了空調(diào)？這得花多少錢??！"/></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 微軟雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(127, 127, 127);">教育城體育館 | 來源：The Stadium Guide<br/></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 微軟雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";">他們還利用煙霧與激光，對(duì) 3D 打印的場(chǎng)館模型進(jìn)行了風(fēng)洞模擬，觀測(cè)在不同的風(fēng)速、氣壓下空氣的流動(dòng)。讓屋頂?shù)幕《缺M可能分散熱氣，不進(jìn)入場(chǎng)館內(nèi)部。</span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="http://editerupload.eepw.com.cn/fetch/202211/8f581a7cbaedbeaeb85ac77e5fcba602.jpeg" title="聽說這屆世界杯，露天球場(chǎng)裝滿了空調(diào)？這得花多少錢??！" width="800" height="340" alt="聽說這屆世界杯，露天球場(chǎng)裝滿了空調(diào)？這得花多少錢??！"/></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 微軟雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(127, 127, 127);">3D 打印的海灣球場(chǎng) ｜來源：qf.org<br/></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 微軟雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";">實(shí)在轉(zhuǎn)移不走，也可以關(guān)上屋頂。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 微軟雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";">以著名建筑師扎哈?哈迪德設(shè)計(jì)的沃克拉體育場(chǎng)為例，它的棚頂是可伸縮的，能在 30 分鐘之內(nèi)完成閉合。就像是一輪船帆覆蓋在球場(chǎng)上方，能將觀眾區(qū)域的溫度降到 18°C。哪怕在棚頂打開時(shí)，頂蓋的皺褶也能引導(dǎo)空氣朝著周邊流走......</span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="http://editerupload.eepw.com.cn/202211/1669366602749688.jpg" title="聽說這屆世界杯，露天球場(chǎng)裝滿了空調(diào)？這得花多少錢??！" width="800" height="354" alt="聽說這屆世界杯，露天球場(chǎng)裝滿了空調(diào)？這得花多少錢??！"/></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 微軟雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(127, 127, 127);">沃克拉體育場(chǎng) | 來源：The Stadium Guide<br/></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 微軟雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";">還有個(gè)看起來有些超現(xiàn)實(shí)的點(diǎn)子。早在 2011 年，卡塔爾大學(xué)就為世界杯開發(fā)了一塊以太陽能驅(qū)動(dòng)的“浮云”。它通過機(jī)載氦氣袋升高，遙控定位，能在日頭高照時(shí)，為球場(chǎng)灑下一片陰涼。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 微軟雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";">至于是否真的被運(yùn)用到了本屆賽事，讓我們拭目以待。</span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="http://editerupload.eepw.com.cn/fetch/202211/45423e7deeee7e80007718df42985a83.png" title="聽說這屆世界杯，露天球場(chǎng)裝滿了空調(diào)？這得花多少錢??！" width="800" height="459" alt="聽說這屆世界杯，露天球場(chǎng)裝滿了空調(diào)？這得花多少錢??！"/></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 微軟雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(127, 127, 127);">一塊太陽能“浮云” | 來源：Energy Digital Magazine<br/></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 微軟雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";">室外也沒有被放過。在卡塔爾首都多哈，很多公路都被修建成了亮藍(lán)色，以吸收更少的太陽輻射并反射紫外線，從而降低過往行人和駕車者的體感溫度。</span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="http://editerupload.eepw.com.cn/fetch/202211/5d794db9596137a8987e0436182f68de.png" title="聽說這屆世界杯，露天球場(chǎng)裝滿了空調(diào)？這得花多少錢??！" width="800" height="532" alt="聽說這屆世界杯，露天球場(chǎng)裝滿了空調(diào)？這得花多少錢??！"/></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-family: 微軟雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";">多哈亮藍(lán)色的公路 | 來源：Science X</span></p><p><span style="font-family: 微軟雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";"><strong>但最主要的，還是靠一個(gè)巨大空調(diào)系統(tǒng)</strong></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 微軟雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";">簡(jiǎn)單來說，世界杯期間，場(chǎng)館會(huì)不斷向場(chǎng)內(nèi)輸送冷空氣，制造出一個(gè)兩米高的、“完全隔離的”清涼泡泡。室溫最低的時(shí)候，會(huì)比場(chǎng)外足足低 20°C。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 微軟雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";">這是一個(gè)怎樣的系統(tǒng)？</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 微軟雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";">首先，觀眾席的座位下面，“藏”著數(shù)百個(gè)通風(fēng)口，就像是淋浴噴頭的小噴嘴一樣。它們會(huì)從觀眾腳踝的高度，吹出強(qiáng)度小卻密集的冷氣流，讓空氣溫和地流通起來，而不是“呼呼”地吹得人頭痛。</span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="http://editerupload.eepw.com.cn/fetch/202211/48b0120303971e04c9cb6ee21b09d599.jpeg" title="聽說這屆世界杯，露天球場(chǎng)裝滿了空調(diào)？這得花多少錢??！" width="800" height="364" alt="聽說這屆世界杯，露天球場(chǎng)裝滿了空調(diào)？這得花多少錢??！"/></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 微軟雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(127, 127, 127);">觀眾席下的小型出風(fēng)口 | 來源：archdaily<br/></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 微軟雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";">對(duì)于球員來說，降溫的需求則更加迫切。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 微軟雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";">據(jù)研究，單場(chǎng)比賽中，每名球員要跑上超過 10 公里，消耗超過三公升的汗水。在卡塔爾的熱帶沙漠性氣候下，如果沒辦法很好散熱，可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致熱衰竭。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 微軟雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";">因此球場(chǎng)四周放置了許多大型噴嘴。這些出風(fēng)口每個(gè)直徑都在幾十厘米以上，風(fēng)力非常強(qiáng)勁，為場(chǎng)內(nèi)的選手裁判帶來冷氣。</span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="http://editerupload.eepw.com.cn/fetch/202211/eada52bf5f891ebcd18eed267d811bf6.jpeg" title="聽說這屆世界杯，露天球場(chǎng)裝滿了空調(diào)？這得花多少錢??！" width="571" height="380"/></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 微軟雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(127, 127, 127);">球場(chǎng)周邊的“大噴嘴” ｜來源：archdaily<br/></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 微軟雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";">這套“大小噴嘴”結(jié)合的系統(tǒng)特別之處在于：它的目的并不是讓整個(gè)場(chǎng)子都冷下來，而是更精確地“定向降溫”，只作用在人出現(xiàn)的區(qū)域。這還不到整個(gè)空間面積的十分之一。工程師們研究出了一套精準(zhǔn)的流體動(dòng)力學(xué)模型：通過測(cè)算空氣流動(dòng)的速度與角度，來設(shè)置每個(gè)出風(fēng)口的角度。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 微軟雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";">一個(gè)離地不超過 2 米的超薄巨型冷氣屏障應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。</span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="http://editerupload.eepw.com.cn/fetch/202211/6ddacadc1e615168d28041f05968021c.jpeg" title="聽說這屆世界杯，露天球場(chǎng)裝滿了空調(diào)？這得花多少錢??！" width="800" height="328" alt="聽說這屆世界杯，露天球場(chǎng)裝滿了空調(diào)？這得花多少錢??！"/></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 微軟雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(127, 127, 127);">冷氣只作用于有人的地方｜來源：cibsejournal<br/></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 微軟雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";">不過，冷氣太猛，還是會(huì)有些風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 微軟雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";">比如，今年 9 月盛夏在教育城體育館進(jìn)行的亞冠西亞 ? 比賽前，要上場(chǎng)的波斯波利斯隊(duì)就擔(dān)心空調(diào)太冷，容易感冒，貼心的為替補(bǔ)隊(duì)員準(zhǔn)備了毛毯......</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 微軟雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";">另外，許多人以為在遍地是土豪的卡塔爾，世界杯的降溫系統(tǒng)就是單純靠數(shù)量取勝。一臺(tái)空調(diào)不夠，就安上成百上千個(gè)。殊不知，它其實(shí)是一套節(jié)能的循環(huán)系統(tǒng)。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 微軟雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";">與我們熟悉的家用空調(diào)不同，這套系統(tǒng)并不使用氟利昂這類傳統(tǒng)制冷劑，而是從太陽能板中吸收能量，再利用一種昂貴的吸收式制冷機(jī)，來冷卻一個(gè)獨(dú)立的水回路。這些 7℃ 的冷卻水被保存起來，為場(chǎng)內(nèi)的空氣降溫。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 微軟雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";">當(dāng)涼爽的空氣重新變熱之后，會(huì)被位于中層區(qū)域的抽氣扇抽走、重新過濾、冷卻，再送入場(chǎng)內(nèi)，循環(huán)往復(fù)。最大限度地減少場(chǎng)外的熱空氣對(duì)內(nèi)部的影響。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 微軟雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";">這同時(shí)起到空氣凈化的作用。清爽的空氣從觀眾腳下吹出來，再?gòu)念^上吸回去，就像一個(gè)小小的機(jī)艙座位，對(duì)不論是粉塵、汗臭，還是新冠病毒，都能起到一定的過濾。</span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="http://editerupload.eepw.com.cn/fetch/202211/7b3fc9344f7d9eeb012c532b632eef52.png" title="聽說這屆世界杯，露天球場(chǎng)裝滿了空調(diào)？這得花多少錢??！" width="800" height="339" alt="聽說這屆世界杯，露天球場(chǎng)裝滿了空調(diào)？這得花多少錢??！"/></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 微軟雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei"; color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 14px;">降溫循環(huán)系統(tǒng)的運(yùn)作模式 | 來源：qatar2022<br/></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 微軟雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";">這套系統(tǒng)下，球場(chǎng)能耗僅相當(dāng)于同等面積機(jī)場(chǎng)候機(jī)廳的五分之一。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 微軟雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";">電力則主要來源于多哈郊外的一個(gè)大型太陽能發(fā)電站。它覆蓋面積超過 10 平方公里，由約 180 萬塊太陽能電池板組成。世界杯期間，它將為體育場(chǎng)供電，賽后也將為該國(guó)承擔(dān)約 10% 的供電。</span></p><p><span style="font-family: 微軟雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";"><strong>這得花多少錢??？</strong></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 微軟雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";">先整體看一下：根據(jù)卡塔爾半島電視臺(tái)的報(bào)道，主辦方已經(jīng)砸入 2000 億美元來建設(shè)世界杯項(xiàng)目，預(yù)計(jì)賽事結(jié)束，數(shù)字不會(huì)少于 3000 億。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 微軟雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";">這是啥概念？</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 微軟雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";">2014 年巴西世界杯花了 110 億美元。而這屆世界杯花費(fèi)的比前七屆加起來都要多。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 微軟雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";">就制冷系統(tǒng)上的花費(fèi)，路透社記者曾經(jīng)采訪技術(shù)負(fù)責(zé)人、卡塔爾大學(xué)機(jī)械工程教授 Saud Abdul Ghani 博士，對(duì)方?jīng)]有正面回復(fù)具體數(shù)字，只說：“這是一大筆錢”。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 微軟雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";">不過，記者們還是陸續(xù)從其他渠道得知了大概的金額?？ㄋ柺澜绫M委會(huì)官員曾表示：國(guó)家將在所有體育場(chǎng)館和訓(xùn)練設(shè)施上花費(fèi) 6.5 到 7 億美元；場(chǎng)館的項(xiàng)目經(jīng)理則表示，因?yàn)榧恿死鋮s系統(tǒng)（場(chǎng)館里一共安裝了 3000 個(gè)通風(fēng)口），整個(gè)場(chǎng)館的建設(shè)成本增加了 2 到 3 倍，平均每個(gè)座位都“價(jià)值” 6000 到 7000 美元。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 微軟雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";">而世界杯售出的門票里，最貴的決賽一等票，目前售價(jià)是 45800 元人民幣，折合 6000 美元左右，小組賽的普通票價(jià)則是 2200 元上下，折合后僅為 310 美元。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 微軟雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";">這能回本嗎？</span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="http://editerupload.eepw.com.cn/fetch/202211/6d1133358f7a4ed38ceb75ea85a4a870.png" title="聽說這屆世界杯，露天球場(chǎng)裝滿了空調(diào)？這得花多少錢??！" width="800" height="374" alt="聽說這屆世界杯，露天球場(chǎng)裝滿了空調(diào)？這得花多少錢??！"/></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 微軟雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei"; color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 14px;">上屆俄羅斯世界杯門票 | 來源：infobae<br/></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 微軟雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";">主辦方貌似沒有太多關(guān)于盈虧打平的擔(dān)憂。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 微軟雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";">之前多次采訪中，他們都表示花出去的錢是為了城市長(zhǎng)期的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和環(huán)保理念，他們提出了一個(gè)大膽的設(shè)想：整屆賽事，要達(dá)到碳中和！</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 微軟雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";">FIFA 之前出過一組對(duì)比：因?yàn)榭ㄋ枃?guó)土面積比較?。ù蠹s只有北京的三分之二），得益于場(chǎng)館之間距離短，交通燃油消耗少，加上太陽能降溫技術(shù)，預(yù)計(jì)這屆世界杯的碳排放，只有上屆俄羅斯世界杯的三分之一不到。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 微軟雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";">但如果算上建造場(chǎng)館時(shí)產(chǎn)生的碳排放（這就占了總量的 90%），以及，正由于卡塔爾實(shí)在太小了，無法容納涌入的 130 萬球迷，很多人將住在周邊國(guó)家，每天往返坐飛機(jī)看球，這些航班預(yù)計(jì)會(huì)產(chǎn)生 80 萬噸的溫室氣體。加起來，并不是一個(gè)小數(shù)目 —— 相當(dāng)于一輛載客轎車?yán)@地球開了 80000 次。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 微軟雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";">與家用空調(diào)做對(duì)比，按照今年某國(guó)產(chǎn)品牌公布的數(shù)據(jù)，一臺(tái)空調(diào)在全生命周期里產(chǎn)生的碳足跡為 4119.38 kg CO2eq—— 相當(dāng)于 19.4 萬臺(tái)空調(diào)同時(shí)開工。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 微軟雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";">主辦方之前曾表示過會(huì)通過積極種樹、廢料管理等方式來作為代償。為此，他們?cè)苑N了 1.6 萬棵樹和近 70 萬棵苗圃灌木，啟用了 800 輛新電動(dòng)公交車，和一座全新的 800 兆瓦太陽能發(fā)電廠。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 微軟雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";">但最終的最終，還是靠錢。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 微軟雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";">這屆世界杯碳中和將主要通過購(gòu)買碳信用額度來達(dá)成，目前為止，卡塔爾已經(jīng)承諾從全球碳理事會(huì)購(gòu)買 180 萬碳抵消額度。但截止 11 月 14 日，全球碳理事會(huì)只授予了其 55 萬個(gè)信用點(diǎn)，這只是實(shí)現(xiàn)本屆世界杯碳中和所需的 15% 。再加上碳抵消制度本身的不成熟，讓許多人對(duì)卡塔爾的碳中和承諾打了個(gè)問號(hào)。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 微軟雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";">看來比起讓球場(chǎng)冷下來，讓這個(gè)星球冷下來才是一個(gè)更大的難題。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-family: 微軟雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";">參考文獻(xiàn)</span></p><ul style="list-style-type: none;" class=" list-paddingleft-2"><li><p><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-family: 微軟雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";">[1] https://www.researchgate.net/publication/352913351_Effect_of_Roof_Cooling_and_Air_Curtain_Gates_on_Thermal_and_Wind_Conditions_in_Stadiums_for_Hot_Climates</span></p></li><li><p><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-family: 微軟雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";">[2] https://www.cbc.ca/sports/soccer/south-africa-to-host-1st-winter-world-cup-in-32-years-1.774723</span></p></li><li><p><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-family: 微軟雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";">[3] https://www.qf.org.qa/stories/cooling-technology-used-in-qatars-world-cup-stadiums-powered-by-qf-research</span></p></li><li><p><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-family: 微軟雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";">[4] https://www.wired.com/2011/03/qatar-carbon-fiber-clouds/</span></p></li><li><p><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-family: 微軟雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";">[5] https://www.archdaily.com/991186/how-will-qatar-deal-with-high-temperatures-inside-world-cup-stadiums</span></p></li><li><p><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-family: 微軟雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";">[6] https://www.cibsejournal.com/technical/sporting-success-a-study-of-air-conditioning-stadiums-in-qatar/</span></p></li><li><p><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-family: 微軟雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";">[7] https://www.pixstory.com/story/qatar-world-cup-and-air-conditioning-part-2/110639</span></p></li><li><p><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-family: 微軟雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";">[8] http://news.cnhubei.com/content/2022-08/14/content_14979019.html</span></p></li><li><p><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-family: 微軟雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";">[9] https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20221018-qatar-inaugurates-solar-plant-to-help-power-world-cup</span></p></li><li><p><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-family: 微軟雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";">[10] https://www.businesstraveller.com/features/the-ultimate-travel-guide-for-the-fifa-world-cup-qatar-2022/</span></p></li><li><p><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-family: 微軟雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";">[11] https://fortune.com/2022/11/07/qatar-world-claims-carbon-neutral-air-conditioning-stadiums/</span></p></li><li><p><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-family: 微軟雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";">[12] https://www.wired.com/story/qatar-2022-world-cup-emissions/</span></p></li><li><p><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-family: 微軟雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";">[13] https://www.cbc.ca/sports/soccer/south-africa-to-host-1st-winter-world-cup-in-32-years-1.774723</span></p></li><li><p><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-family: 微軟雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";">[14] https://www.163.com/dy/article/HCDKKH7E05299SJL.html</span></p></li></ul></span>  <div class="pphxpzp" id="coverDiv" class="article_reg" style="width:100%;overflow:hidden;display:none;z-index:10;position:absolute;left:0;background:#fff;"> <center> <img src="https://webstorage.eepw.com.cn/images/display/reg.jpg" border="0" usemap="#Map" /> <map name="Map" id="Map"> <area shape="rect" coords="133,235,319,253" target="_blank" /> <area shape="rect" coords="132,315,319,335" /> </map> </center> </div>  <span id="zx93z19" class="hAd8"> <br></span>   </div> </article> <div id="bvddvnn" class="clear"></div> <br/> <div id="jtrr97j" class="hAd6"> <div class="lhzbt97" id="relA" style="width:auto;height:auto;"> <ul> <li>  <iframe id='af71d594' name='af71d594' src='https://ad.eepw.com.cn/www/delivery/afr.php?zoneid=114&cb=INSERT_RANDOM_NUMBER_HERE' frameborder='0' scrolling='no' width='650' height='30'><a 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