基于STM32模擬UART串口通信
UART工作原理
UART即通用異步收發(fā)器,是一種串行通信方式。數(shù)據(jù)在傳輸過程中是通過一位一位地進行傳輸來實現(xiàn)通信的,串行通信方式具有傳輸線少,成本底等優(yōu)點,缺點是速度慢。串行通信分為兩種類型:同步通信方式和異步通信方式。
本文引用地址:http://www.ex-cimer.com/article/202412/465846.htm但一般多用異步通信方式,主要因為接受和發(fā)送的時鐘是可以獨立的這樣有利于增加發(fā)送與接收的靈活性。異步通信是一個字符接著一個字符傳輸,一個字符的信息由起始位、數(shù)據(jù)位、奇偶校驗位和停止位組成。
每一個字符的傳輸靠起始位來同步,字符的前面一位是起始位,用下降沿通知收方開始傳輸,緊接著起始位之后的是數(shù)據(jù)位,傳輸時低位在前高位在后,字符本身由5~8位數(shù)據(jù)位組成。
數(shù)據(jù)位后面是奇偶校驗位,最后是停止位,停止位是用高電平來標記一個字符的結(jié)束,并為下一個字符的傳輸做準備。停止位后面是不同長度的空閑位。停止位和空閑位都規(guī)定為高電平,這樣可以保證起始位有一個下降沿。
UART的幀格式如圖:
UART的幀格式包括線路空閑狀態(tài)(idle,高電平)、起始位(start bit,低電平)、5~8位數(shù)據(jù)位(data bits)、校驗位(parity bit,可選)和停止位(stop bit,位數(shù)可為1、1.5、2位)。
往期相關(guān)推文:STM32串口通信基本原理
UART模擬原理
UART的模擬方式基本就是定時器+IO口實現(xiàn)。
方案1:只打印不接收
如果在實際使用中只是為了打印log而不接收數(shù)據(jù),可以采用DWT加普通IO口的方式;
#define VCOM_BOUND 115200#define VCOM_PIN GPIO_Pin_11#define VCOM_PORT GPIOA#define VCOM_PIN_HIGH VCOM_PORT->BSRR = VCOM_PIN#define VCOM_PIN_LOW VCOM_PORT->BRR = VCOM_PIN#define BSP_REG_DEM_CR (*(volatile unsigned int *)0xE000EDFC) //DEMCR寄存器#define BSP_REG_DWT_CR (*(volatile unsigned int *)0xE0001000) //DWT控制寄存器#define BSP_REG_DWT_CYCCNT (*(volatile unsigned int *)0xE0001004) //DWT時鐘計數(shù)寄存器 #define BSP_REG_DBGMCU_CR (*(volatile unsigned int *)0xE0042004)#define DEF_BIT_00 0x01u#define DEF_BIT_24 0x01000000u#define BSP_BIT_DEM_CR_TRCENA DEF_BIT_24 #define BSP_BIT_DWT_CR_CYCCNTENA DEF_BIT_00static unsigned int sys_clock = 48000000;inline void dwt_start(void){ BSP_REG_DEM_CR |= (unsigned int)BSP_BIT_DEM_CR_TRCENA; BSP_REG_DWT_CYCCNT = (unsigned int)0u; //初始化CYCCNT寄存器 BSP_REG_DWT_CR |= (unsigned int)BSP_BIT_DWT_CR_CYCCNTENA; //開啟CYCCNT }inline void dwt_stop(void){ BSP_REG_DWT_CR = 0; }void vcom_pin_init(void){ GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure; RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOA,ENABLE); GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = VCOM_PIN; GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_2MHz; GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_Out_PP; GPIO_Init(VCOM_PORT, &GPIO_InitStructure); GPIO_SetBits(VCOM_PORT,VCOM_PIN); VCOM_PIN_HIGH; }void vcom_put_char(char ch){ int i; int dat[8]; uint32_t sys_clk, bit_width; volatile uint32_t time_stamp; sys_clk = sys_clock/1000000; bit_width = 1000000*sys_clk/VCOM_BOUND; for(i=0; i<8; i++) { if(ch & 0x01) dat[i] = 1; else dat[i] = 0; ch >>= 1; } OS_CPU_SR cpu_sr; enter_critical();//以下代碼進行臨界保護,防止被中斷打斷造成發(fā)送誤碼 dwt_start(); VCOM_PIN_LOW; //發(fā)送起始位 time_stamp = BSP_REG_DWT_CYCCNT; while(BSP_REG_DWT_CYCCNT < (time_stamp+bit_width)); for(i=0; i<8; i++) { if(dat[i]) VCOM_PIN_HIGH; else VCOM_PIN_LOW; time_stamp = BSP_REG_DWT_CYCCNT; while(BSP_REG_DWT_CYCCNT < (time_stamp+bit_width)); //發(fā)8bit 數(shù)據(jù)位 } VCOM_PIN_HIGH; time_stamp = BSP_REG_DWT_CYCCNT; while(BSP_REG_DWT_CYCCNT < (time_stamp+bit_width)); //發(fā)停止位 dwt_stop(); exit_critical(); }void vcom_printf(const char *fmt, ...){ char buf[0x80]; int i; va_list ap; memset(buf, 0x00, sizeof(buf)); va_start(ap, fmt); vsnprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), fmt, ap); va_end(ap); i = 0; while(buf[i]) { vcom_put_char(buf[i]); i++; } }
方案2:半雙工UART
實現(xiàn)方式: 普通定時器+普通IO口中斷+fifo
/** *軟件串口的實現(xiàn)(IO模擬串口) * 波特率:9600 1-8-N * TXD : PC13 * RXD : PB14 * 使用外部中斷對RXD的下降沿進行觸發(fā),使用定時器4按照9600波特率進行定時數(shù)據(jù)接收。 * Demo功能: 接收11個數(shù)據(jù),然后把接收到的數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)送出去 */#define OI_TXD PCout(13)#define OI_RXD PBin(14)#define BuadRate_9600 100u8 len = 0; //接收計數(shù)u8 USART_buf[11]; //接收緩沖區(qū)enum{ COM_START_BIT, COM_D0_BIT, COM_D1_BIT, COM_D2_BIT, COM_D3_BIT, COM_D4_BIT, COM_D5_BIT, COM_D6_BIT, COM_D7_BIT, COM_STOP_BIT, }; u8 recvStat = COM_STOP_BIT; u8 recvData = 0;void IO_TXD(u8 Data){ u8 i = 0; OI_TXD = 0; delay_us(BuadRate_9600); for(i = 0; i < 8; i++) { if(Data&0x01) OI_TXD = 1; else OI_TXD = 0; delay_us(BuadRate_9600); Data = Data>>1; } OI_TXD = 1; delay_us(BuadRate_9600); } void USART_Send(u8 *buf, u8 len){ u8 t; for(t = 0; t < len; t++) { IO_TXD(buf[t]); } } void IOConfig(void) { GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure; NVIC_InitTypeDef NVIC_InitStructure; EXTI_InitTypeDef EXTI_InitStruct; RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_AFIO|RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOB|RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOC, ENABLE); //使能PB,PC端口時鐘 //SoftWare Serial TXD GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_13; GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_Out_PP; //推挽輸出 GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz; //IO口速度為50MHz GPIO_Init(GPIOC, &GPIO_InitStructure); GPIO_SetBits(GPIOC,GPIO_Pin_13); //SoftWare Serial RXD GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_14; GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_IPU; GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz; GPIO_Init(GPIOB, &GPIO_InitStructure); GPIO_EXTILineConfig(GPIO_PortSourceGPIOB, GPIO_PinSource14); EXTI_InitStruct.EXTI_Line = EXTI_Line14; EXTI_InitStruct.EXTI_Mode=EXTI_Mode_Interrupt; EXTI_InitStruct.EXTI_Trigger=EXTI_Trigger_Falling; //下降沿觸發(fā)中斷 EXTI_InitStruct.EXTI_LineCmd=ENABLE; EXTI_Init(&EXTI_InitStruct); NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel= EXTI15_10_IRQn ; NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority=2; NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority =2; NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd=ENABLE; NVIC_Init(&NVIC_InitStructure); } void TIM4_Int_Init(u16 arr,u16 psc){ TIM_TimeBaseInitTypeDef TIM_TimeBaseStructure; NVIC_InitTypeDef NVIC_InitStructure; RCC_APB1PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB1Periph_TIM4, ENABLE); //時鐘使能 //定時器TIM4初始化 TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_Period = arr; //設(shè)置在下一個更新事件裝入活動的自動重裝載寄存器周期的值 TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_Prescaler =psc; //設(shè)置用來作為TIMx時鐘頻率除數(shù)的預(yù)分頻值 TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_ClockDivision = TIM_CKD_DIV1; //設(shè)置時鐘分割:TDTS = Tck_tim TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_CounterMode = TIM_CounterMode_Up; //TIM向上計數(shù)模式 TIM_TimeBaseInit(TIM4, &TIM_TimeBaseStructure); //根據(jù)指定的參數(shù)初始化TIMx的時間基數(shù)單位 TIM_ClearITPendingBit(TIM4, TIM_FLAG_Update); TIM_ITConfig(TIM4,TIM_IT_Update,ENABLE ); //使能指定的TIM3中斷,允許更新中斷 //中斷優(yōu)先級NVIC設(shè)置 NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel = TIM4_IRQn; //TIM4中斷 NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority = 1; //先占優(yōu)先級1級 NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority = 1; //從優(yōu)先級1級 NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd = ENABLE; //IRQ通道被使能 NVIC_Init(&NVIC_InitStructure); //初始化NVIC寄存器 } int main(void) { NVIC_PriorityGroupConfig(NVIC_PriorityGroup_2);//設(shè)置中斷優(yōu)先級分組為組2:2位搶占優(yōu)先級,2位響應(yīng)優(yōu)先級 delay_init(); IOConfig(); TIM4_Int_Init(107, 71); //1M計數(shù)頻率 while(1) { if(len > 10) { len = 0; USART_Send(USART_buf,11); } } }void EXTI15_10_IRQHandler(void){ if(EXTI_GetFlagStatus(EXTI_Line14) != RESET) { if(OI_RXD == 0) { if(recvStat == COM_STOP_BIT) { recvStat = COM_START_BIT; TIM_Cmd(TIM4, ENABLE); } } EXTI_ClearITPendingBit(EXTI_Line14); } }void TIM4_IRQHandler(void){ if(TIM_GetFlagStatus(TIM4, TIM_FLAG_Update) != RESET) { TIM_ClearITPendingBit(TIM4, TIM_FLAG_Update); recvStat++; if(recvStat == COM_STOP_BIT) { TIM_Cmd(TIM4, DISABLE); USART_buf[len++] = recvData; return; } if(OI_RXD) { recvData |= (1 << (recvStat - 1)); }else{ recvData &= ~(1 << (recvStat - 1)); } } }
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