STM32啟動過程全解
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相對于ARM上一代的主流ARM7/ARM9內(nèi)核架構(gòu)，新一代Cortex內(nèi)核架構(gòu)的啟動方式有了比較大的變化。ARM7/ARM9內(nèi)核的控制器在復(fù)位后，CPU會從存儲空間的絕對地址0x000000取出第一條指令執(zhí)行復(fù)位中斷服務(wù)程序的方式啟動，即固定了復(fù)位后的起始地址為0x000000（PC = 0x000000）同時(shí)中斷向量表的位置并不是固定的。而Cortex-M3內(nèi)核則正好相反，有3種情況：
1、 通過boot引腳設(shè)置可以將中斷向量表定位于SRAM區(qū)，即起始地址為0x2000000，同時(shí)復(fù)位后PC指針位于0x2000000處;
2、 通過boot引腳設(shè)置可以將中斷向量表定位于FLASH區(qū)，即起始地址為0x8000000，同時(shí)復(fù)位后PC指針位于0x8000000處;
3、 通過boot引腳設(shè)置可以將中斷向量表定位于內(nèi)置Bootloader區(qū)，本文不對這種情況做論述;
Cortex-M3內(nèi)核規(guī)定，起始地址必須存放堆頂指針，而第二個(gè)地址則必須存放復(fù)位中斷入口向量地址，這樣在Cortex-M3內(nèi)核復(fù)位后，會自動從起始地址的下一個(gè)32位空間取出復(fù)位中斷入口向量，跳轉(zhuǎn)執(zhí)行復(fù)位中斷服務(wù)程序。對比ARM7/ARM9內(nèi)核，Cortex-M3內(nèi)核則是固定了中斷向量表的位置而起始地址是可變化的。
有了上述準(zhǔn)備只是后，下面以STM32的2.02固件庫提供的啟動文件“stm32f10x_vector.s”為模板，對STM32的啟動過程做一個(gè)簡要而全面的解析。
程序清單一：
;文件“stm32f10x_vector.s”，其中注釋為行號
DATA_IN_ExtSRAM EQU 0 ;1
Stack_Size EQU 0x00000400 ;2
AREA STACK, NOINIT, READWRITE, ALIGN = 3 ;3
Stack_Mem SPACE Stack_Size ;4
__initial_sp ;5
Heap_Size EQU 0x00000400 ;6
AREA HEAP, NOINIT, READWRITE, ALIGN = 3 ;7
__heap_base ;8
Heap_Mem SPACE Heap_Size ;9
__heap_limit ;10
THUMB ;11
PRESERVE8 ;12
IMPORT NMIException ;13
IMPORT HardFaultException ;14
IMPORT MemManageException ;15
IMPORT BusFaultException ;16
IMPORT UsageFaultException ;17
IMPORT SVCHandler ;18
IMPORT DebugMonitor ;19
IMPORT PendSVC ;20
IMPORT SysTickHandler ;21
IMPORT WWDG_IRQHandler ;22
IMPORT PVD_IRQHandler ;23
IMPORT TAMPER_IRQHandler ;24
IMPORT RTC_IRQHandler ;25
IMPORT FLASH_IRQHandler ;26
IMPORT RCC_IRQHandler ;27
IMPORT EXTI0_IRQHandler ;28
IMPORT EXTI1_IRQHandler ;29
IMPORT EXTI2_IRQHandler ;30
IMPORT EXTI3_IRQHandler ;31
IMPORT EXTI4_IRQHandler ;32
IMPORT DMA1_Channel1_IRQHandler ;33
IMPORT DMA1_Channel2_IRQHandler ;34
IMPORT DMA1_Channel3_IRQHandler ;35
IMPORT DMA1_Channel4_IRQHandler ;36
IMPORT DMA1_Channel5_IRQHandler ;37
IMPORT DMA1_Channel6_IRQHandler ;38
IMPORT DMA1_Channel7_IRQHandler ;39
IMPORT ADC1_2_IRQHandler ;40
IMPORT USB_HP_CAN_TX_IRQHandler ;41
IMPORT USB_LP_CAN_RX0_IRQHandler ;42
IMPORT CAN_RX1_IRQHandler ;43
IMPORT CAN_SCE_IRQHandler ;44
IMPORT EXTI9_5_IRQHandler ;45
IMPORT TIM1_BRK_IRQHandler ;46
IMPORT TIM1_UP_IRQHandler ;47
IMPORT TIM1_TRG_COM_IRQHandler ;48
IMPORT TIM1_CC_IRQHandler ;49
IMPORT TIM2_IRQHandler ;50
IMPORT TIM3_IRQHandler ;51
IMPORT TIM4_IRQHandler ;52
IMPORT I2C1_EV_IRQHandler ;53
IMPORT I2C1_ER_IRQHandler ;54
IMPORT I2C2_EV_IRQHandler ;55
IMPORT I2C2_ER_IRQHandler ;56
IMPORT SPI1_IRQHandler ;57
IMPORT SPI2_IRQHandler ;58
IMPORT USART1_IRQHandler ;59
IMPORT USART2_IRQHandler ;60
IMPORT USART3_IRQHandler ;61
IMPORT EXTI15_10_IRQHandler ;62
IMPORT RTCAlarm_IRQHandler ;63
IMPORT USBWakeUp_IRQHandler ;64
IMPORT TIM8_BRK_IRQHandler ;65
IMPORT TIM8_UP_IRQHandler ;66
IMPORT TIM8_TRG_COM_IRQHandler ;67
IMPORT TIM8_CC_IRQHandler ;68
IMPORT ADC3_IRQHandler ;69
IMPORT FSMC_IRQHandler ;70
IMPORT SDIO_IRQHandler ;71
IMPORT TIM5_IRQHandler ;72
IMPORT SPI3_IRQHandler ;73
IMPORT UART4_IRQHandler ;74
IMPORT UART5_IRQHandler ;75
IMPORT TIM6_IRQHandler ;76
IMPORT TIM7_IRQHandler ;77
IMPORT DMA2_Channel1_IRQHandler ;78
IMPORT DMA2_Channel2_IRQHandler ;79
IMPORT DMA2_Channel3_IRQHandler ;80
IMPORT DMA2_Channel4_5_IRQHandler ;81
AREA RESET, DATA, READONLY ;82
EXPORT __Vectors ;83
__Vectors ;84
DCD __initial_sp ;85
DCD Reset_Handler ;86
DCD NMIException ;87
DCD HardFaultException ;88
DCD MemManageException ;89
DCD BusFaultException ;90
DCD UsageFaultException ;91
DCD 0 ;92
DCD 0 ;93
DCD 0 ;94
DCD 0 ;95
DCD SVCHandler ;96
DCD DebugMonitor ;97
DCD 0 ;98
DCD PendSVC ;99
DCD SysTickHandler ;100
DCD WWDG_IRQHandler ;101
DCD PVD_IRQHandler ;102
DCD TAMPER_IRQHandler ;103
DCD RTC_IRQHandler ;104
DCD FLASH_IRQHandler ;105
DCD RCC_IRQHandler ;106
DCD EXTI0_IRQHandler ;107
DCD EXTI1_IRQHandler ;108
DCD EXTI2_IRQHandler ;109
DCD EXTI3_IRQHandler ;110
DCD EXTI4_IRQHandler ;111
DCD DMA1_Channel1_IRQHandler ;112
DCD DMA1_Channel2_IRQHandler ;113
DCD DMA1_Channel3_IRQHandler ;114
DCD DMA1_Channel4_IRQHandler ;115
DCD DMA1_Channel5_IRQHandler ;116
DCD DMA1_Channel6_IRQHandler ;117
DCD DMA1_Channel7_IRQHandler ;118
DCD ADC1_2_IRQHandler ;119
DCD USB_HP_CAN_TX_IRQHandler ;120
DCD USB_LP_CAN_RX0_IRQHandler ;121
DCD CAN_RX1_IRQHandler ;122
DCD CAN_SCE_IRQHandler ;123
DCD EXTI9_5_IRQHandler ;124
DCD TIM1_BRK_IRQHandler ;125
DCD TIM1_UP_IRQHandler ;126
DCD TIM1_TRG_COM_IRQHandler ;127
DCD TIM1_CC_IRQHandler ;128
DCD TIM2_IRQHandler ;129
DCD TIM3_IRQHandler ;130
DCD TIM4_IRQHandler ;131
DCD I2C1_EV_IRQHandler ;132
DCD I2C1_ER_IRQHandler ;133
DCD I2C2_EV_IRQHandler ;134
DCD I2C2_ER_IRQHandler ;135
DCD SPI1_IRQHandler ;136
DCD SPI2_IRQHandler ;137
DCD USART1_IRQHandler ;138
DCD USART2_IRQHandler ;139
DCD USART3_IRQHandler ;140
DCD EXTI15_10_IRQHandler ;141
DCD RTCAlarm_IRQHandler ;142
DCD USBWakeUp_IRQHandler ;143
DCD TIM8_BRK_IRQHandler ;144
DCD TIM8_UP_IRQHandler ;145
DCD TIM8_TRG_COM_IRQHandler ;146
DCD TIM8_CC_IRQHandler ;147
DCD ADC3_IRQHandler ;148
DCD FSMC_IRQHandler ;149
DCD SDIO_IRQHandler ;150
DCD TIM5_IRQHandler ;151
DCD SPI3_IRQHandler ;152
DCD UART4_IRQHandler ;153
DCD UART5_IRQHandler ;154
DCD TIM6_IRQHandler ;155
DCD TIM7_IRQHandler ;156
DCD DMA2_Channel1_IRQHandler ;157
DCD DMA2_Channel2_IRQHandler ;158
DCD DMA2_Channel3_IRQHandler ;159
DCD DMA2_Channel4_5_IRQHandler ;160
AREA |.text|, CODE, READONLY ;161
Reset_Handler PROC ;162
EXPORT Reset_Handler ;163
IF DATA_IN_ExtSRAM == 1 ;164
LDR R0,= 0x00000114 ;165
LDR R1,= 0x40021014 ;166
STR R0,[R1] ;167
LDR R0,= 0x000001E0 ;168
LDR R1,= 0x40021018 ;169
STR R0,[R1] ;170
LDR R0,= 0x44BB44BB ;171
LDR R1,= 0x40011400 ;172
STR R0,[R1] ;173
LDR R0,= 0xBBBBBBBB ;174
LDR R1,= 0x40011404 ;175
STR R0,[R1] ;176
LDR R0,= 0xB44444BB ;177
LDR R1,= 0x40011800 ;178
STR R0,[R1] ;179
LDR R0,= 0xBBBBBBBB ;180
LDR R1,= 0x40011804 ;181
STR R0,[R1] ;182
LDR R0,= 0x44BBBBBB ;183
LDR R1,= 0x40011C00 ;184
STR R0,[R1] ;185
LDR R0,= 0xBBBB4444 ;186
LDR R1,= 0x40011C04 ;187
STR R0,[R1] ;188
LDR R0,= 0x44BBBBBB ;189
LDR R1,= 0x40012000 ;190
STR R0,[R1] ;191
LDR R0,= 0x44444B44 ;192
LDR R1,= 0x40012004 ;193
STR R0,[R1] ;194
LDR R0,= 0x00001011 ;195
LDR R1,= 0xA0000010 ;196
STR R0,[R1] ;197
LDR R0,= 0x00000200 ;198
LDR R1,= 0xA0000014 ;199
STR R0,[R1] ;200
ENDIF ;201
IMPORT __main ;202
LDR R0, =__main ;203
BX R0 ;204
ENDP ;205
ALIGN ;206
IF :DEF:__MICROLIB ;207
EXPORT __initial_sp ;208
EXPORT __heap_base ;209
EXPORT __heap_limit ;210
ELSE ;211
IMPORT __use_two_region_memory ;212
EXPORT __user_initial_stackheap ;213
__user_initial_stackheap ;214
LDR R0, = Heap_Mem ;215
LDR R1, = (Stack_Mem + Stack_Size) ;216
LDR R2, = (Heap_Mem + Heap_Size) ;217
LDR R3, = Stack_Mem ;218
BX LR ;219
ALIGN ;220
ENDIF ;221
END ;222
ENDIF ;223
END ;224
如程序清單一，STM32的啟動代碼一共224行，使用了匯編語言編寫，這其中的主要原因下文將會給出交代?，F(xiàn)在從第一行開始分析：
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