高功率半導(dǎo)體激光器的波長穩(wěn)定技術(shù)
前面提到,最常見的外部波長穩(wěn)定方案是將一個(gè)單獨(dú)的塊狀VHG直接置于快軸準(zhǔn)直透鏡之后。這種布局的一個(gè)重要的缺點(diǎn)是對(duì)smile效應(yīng)靈敏。由于smile效應(yīng),一些發(fā)射體不正好在光軸上,導(dǎo)致準(zhǔn)直后產(chǎn)生偏轉(zhuǎn)角,最終導(dǎo)致反射光相對(duì)于發(fā)射體的初始位置的偏移(見圖2)。不在光軸上的發(fā)射體將接收到較少的光學(xué)反饋,如圖2中的右圖所示。
圖2. Smile效應(yīng)對(duì)采用體全息光柵波長穩(wěn)定技術(shù)的半導(dǎo)體激光器bar條的光學(xué)反饋的影響
Off optical axis:偏離光軸
Onoptical axis:在光軸上
Diode bar with smile:具有smile效應(yīng)的半導(dǎo)體激光器bar條
Reflected intensity:反射強(qiáng)度
Optical feedback by VHG:VHG的光學(xué)反饋
Optical axis:光軸
克服smile效應(yīng)靈敏度的一種方法是將光柵結(jié)構(gòu)集成到FAC中。[12]這樣的元件對(duì)smile效應(yīng)和非準(zhǔn)直并不敏感。由于未經(jīng)準(zhǔn)直的光束具有更大的發(fā)散角,加之光柵的小角度選擇性,因此只有一小部分光束被反射回半導(dǎo)體激光器腔內(nèi)。在未準(zhǔn)直或是存在smile效應(yīng)的情況下,另外一部分光束將被反射用于提供反饋。與此相反,將光柵集成到FAC中,這種方案的一個(gè)理想情況是具備精確的準(zhǔn)直且沒有smile效應(yīng),此時(shí)幾乎所有從VHG反射的光都被耦合至半導(dǎo)體激光器腔內(nèi)。另一方面,這意味著要得到有效的波長鎖定,VHG-FAC的反射率需要大幅提高到70%。
集成VHG的FAC的更大的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是:只需要操作和調(diào)整一個(gè)獨(dú)立的元件。VHG-FAC的一個(gè)缺點(diǎn)是基于石英的PTR材料相對(duì)較低的折射率(n=1.45)。FAC通常是由S-TiH53 或 N-LAF21之類的高折射率材料制造的。如果使用折射率較低的材料,對(duì)于同樣的焦距,使用較小的曲率半徑,將會(huì)影響高數(shù)值孔徑工作條件下的透鏡像差。
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