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          EEPW首頁 > 嵌入式系統(tǒng) > 牛人業(yè)話 > 【從零開始走進FPGA】 LCD 1602 Hello World

          【從零開始走進FPGA】 LCD 1602 Hello World

          作者: 時間:2015-04-04 來源:網(wǎng)絡(luò) 收藏

            前面說過,在C,C++等語言學(xué)習(xí)中,“Hello World”將會是第一個學(xué)習(xí)的代碼,但是在中由于電路驅(qū)動的復(fù)雜性,與單片機雷同,我們無法在電腦上實現(xiàn)“Hello World”的顯示,而必須依靠相關(guān)硬件。因此我們不得不在一定的基礎(chǔ)上,才能講解關(guān)于LCD字符液晶的驅(qū)動,以及Hello World的顯示。

          本文引用地址:http://www.ex-cimer.com/article/272071.htm

            雷同于前面MCU按鍵消抖動移植代碼,此處也可以移植MCU LCD驅(qū)動代碼。本例程不是Bingo原創(chuàng),是按照網(wǎng)友“小時不識月”的代碼,移植修改最后定型為Bingo版本(O(∩_∩)O哈哈~)。

            電路圖此處不解釋,太簡單了。

            一、驅(qū)動說明

            由于的高速并行操作,并非順序執(zhí)行,在代碼上與MCU有所不同。此處先講解驅(qū)動原理:

            (1)分頻以得到500KHz固定的頻率,初始化LCD。如下圖所示,LCD_EN的頻率應(yīng)該控制在2M以內(nèi)(不同的LCD1602參數(shù)會有所不同)。

            

          wps_clip_image-31116

           

            (2)通過三段式狀態(tài)機,來初始化以及給數(shù)據(jù)。

            (3)通過循環(huán)讀取某一“數(shù)組”,循環(huán)給LCD1602數(shù)據(jù),以接口形式方便改變。

            二、 LCD1602 FSM

            1. 代碼

            /*************************************************

            * Module Name : lcd1602_driver

            * Engineer : Crazy Bingo

            * Target Device : EP2C8Q208C8

            * Tool versions : Quartus II 11.0

            * Create Date : 2011-7-3

            * Revision : v1.0

            * Description :

            **************************************************/

            module lcd1602_driver

            (

            input clk,

            input rst_n,

            output lcd_en, // lcd enable

            output reg lcd_rs, // record,statement

            output lcd_rw,

            output reg [7:0] lcd_data

            );

            parameter [127:0] line_rom1 = "I am CrazyBingo!";

            parameter [127:0] line_rom2 = "Hello World*^_^*";

            //--------------------------------------

            reg [15:0] cnt;

            always @ (posedge clk or negedge rst_n)

            begin

            if(!rst_n)

            cnt <= 0;

            else

            cnt <= cnt + 1'b1;

            end

            assign lcd_en = cnt[15]; //lcd enable,keep same time

            assign lcd_rw = 1'b0; //write only

            wire cmd_flag = (cnt == 16'h7FFF) ? 1'b1 : 1'b0; //when lcd_en is steady,write a cmd

            //---------------------------------------

            // Gray code : 40 states

            parameter IDLE = 8'h00; // IDLE

            // lcd init

            parameter DISP_SET = 8'h01; // display mode

            parameter DISP_OFF = 8'h03; // off display

            parameter CLR_SCR = 8'h02; // clear the lcd

            parameter CURSOR_SET1 = 8'h06; // cursor set

            parameter CURSOR_SET2 = 8'h07; // on display, cursor set

            // display 1th line

            parameter ROW1_ADDR = 8'h05;

            parameter ROW1_0 = 8'h04;

            parameter ROW1_1 = 8'h0C;

            parameter ROW1_2 = 8'h0D;

            parameter ROW1_3 = 8'h0F;

            parameter ROW1_4 = 8'h0E;

            parameter ROW1_5 = 8'h0A;

            parameter ROW1_6 = 8'h0B;

            parameter ROW1_7 = 8'h09;

            parameter ROW1_8 = 8'h08;

            parameter ROW1_9 = 8'h18;

            parameter ROW1_A = 8'h19;

            parameter ROW1_B = 8'h1B;

            parameter ROW1_C = 8'h1A;

            parameter ROW1_D = 8'h1E;

            parameter ROW1_E = 8'h1F;

            parameter ROW1_F = 8'h1D;

            // display 2th line

            parameter ROW2_ADDR = 8'h1C;

            parameter ROW2_0 = 8'h14;

            parameter ROW2_1 = 8'h15;

            parameter ROW2_2 = 8'h17;

            parameter ROW2_3 = 8'h16;

            parameter ROW2_4 = 8'h12;

            parameter ROW2_5 = 8'h13;

            parameter ROW2_6 = 8'h11;

            parameter ROW2_7 = 8'h10;

            parameter ROW2_8 = 8'h30;

            parameter ROW2_9 = 8'h31;

            parameter ROW2_A = 8'h33;

            parameter ROW2_B = 8'h32;

            parameter ROW2_C = 8'h36;

            parameter ROW2_D = 8'h37;

            parameter ROW2_E = 8'h35;

            parameter ROW2_F = 8'h34;

            //---------------------------------------

            reg [5:0] current_state, next_state;

            // FSM: always1

            always @ (posedge clk or negedge rst_n)

            begin

            if(!rst_n)

            current_state <= IDLE;

            else if(cmd_flag)

            current_state <= next_state;

            end

            //---------------------------------------

            // FSM: always2

            always@*

            begin

            case(current_state)

            // lcd init

            IDLE : next_state = DISP_SET;

            DISP_SET : next_state = DISP_OFF;

            DISP_OFF : next_state = CLR_SCR;

            CLR_SCR : next_state = CURSOR_SET1;

            CURSOR_SET1 : next_state = CURSOR_SET2;

            CURSOR_SET2 : next_state = ROW1_ADDR;

            // display 1th line

            ROW1_ADDR : next_state = ROW1_0;

            ROW1_0 : next_state = ROW1_1;

            ROW1_1 : next_state = ROW1_2;

            ROW1_2 : next_state = ROW1_3;

            ROW1_3 : next_state = ROW1_4;

            ROW1_4 : next_state = ROW1_5;

            ROW1_5 : next_state = ROW1_6;

            ROW1_6 : next_state = ROW1_7;

            ROW1_7 : next_state = ROW1_8;

            ROW1_8 : next_state = ROW1_9;

            ROW1_9 : next_state = ROW1_A;

            ROW1_A : next_state = ROW1_B;

            ROW1_B : next_state = ROW1_C;

            ROW1_C : next_state = ROW1_D;

            ROW1_D : next_state = ROW1_E;

            ROW1_E : next_state = ROW1_F;

            ROW1_F : next_state = ROW2_ADDR;

            // display 2th line

            ROW2_ADDR : next_state = ROW2_0;

            ROW2_0 : next_state = ROW2_1;

            ROW2_1 : next_state = ROW2_2;

            ROW2_2 : next_state = ROW2_3;

            ROW2_3 : next_state = ROW2_4;

            ROW2_4 : next_state = ROW2_5;

            ROW2_5 : next_state = ROW2_6;

            ROW2_6 : next_state = ROW2_7;

            ROW2_7 : next_state = ROW2_8;

            ROW2_8 : next_state = ROW2_9;

            ROW2_9 : next_state = ROW2_A;

            ROW2_A : next_state = ROW2_B;

            ROW2_B : next_state = ROW2_C;

            ROW2_C : next_state = ROW2_D;

            ROW2_D : next_state = ROW2_E;

            ROW2_E : next_state = ROW2_F;

            ROW2_F : next_state = ROW1_ADDR;

            default : next_state = IDLE ;

            endcase

            end

            //---------------------------------------

            // FSM: always3

            always @ (posedge clk or negedge rst_n)

            begin

            if(!rst_n)

            begin

            lcd_rs <= 0;

            lcd_data <= 8'hXX;

            end

            else if(cmd_flag)

            begin

            // write statement

            case(next_state)

            IDLE : lcd_rs <= 0; //statement

            //lcd init

            DISP_SET : lcd_rs <= 0; //statement

            DISP_OFF : lcd_rs <= 0; //statement

            CLR_SCR : lcd_rs <= 0; //statement

            CURSOR_SET1 : lcd_rs <= 0; //statement

            CURSOR_SET2 : lcd_rs <= 0; //statement

            // display 1th line

            ROW1_ADDR : lcd_rs <= 0; //statement

            ROW1_0 : lcd_rs <= 1; //record

            ROW1_1 : lcd_rs <= 1; //record

            ROW1_2 : lcd_rs <= 1; //record

            ROW1_3 : lcd_rs <= 1; //record

            ROW1_4 : lcd_rs <= 1; //record

            ROW1_5 : lcd_rs <= 1; //record

            ROW1_6 : lcd_rs <= 1; //record

            ROW1_7 : lcd_rs <= 1; //record

            ROW1_8 : lcd_rs <= 1; //record

            ROW1_9 : lcd_rs <= 1; //record

            ROW1_A : lcd_rs <= 1; //record

            ROW1_B : lcd_rs <= 1; //record

            ROW1_C : lcd_rs <= 1; //record

            ROW1_D : lcd_rs <= 1; //record

            ROW1_E : lcd_rs <= 1; //record

            ROW1_F : lcd_rs <= 1; //record

            // display 2th line

            ROW2_ADDR : lcd_rs <= 0; //statement

            ROW2_0 : lcd_rs <= 1; //record

            ROW2_1 : lcd_rs <= 1; //record

            ROW2_2 : lcd_rs <= 1; //record

            ROW2_3 : lcd_rs <= 1; //record

            ROW2_4 : lcd_rs <= 1; //record

            ROW2_5 : lcd_rs <= 1; //record

            ROW2_6 : lcd_rs <= 1; //record

            ROW2_7 : lcd_rs <= 1; //record

            ROW2_8 : lcd_rs <= 1; //record

            ROW2_9 : lcd_rs <= 1; //record

            ROW2_A : lcd_rs <= 1; //record

            ROW2_B : lcd_rs <= 1; //record

            ROW2_C : lcd_rs <= 1; //record

            ROW2_D : lcd_rs <= 1; //record

            ROW2_E : lcd_rs <= 1; //record

            ROW2_F : lcd_rs <= 1; //record

            endcase

            // write lcd_data

            case(next_state)

            IDLE : lcd_data <= 8'hxx;

            //lcd init

            DISP_SET : lcd_data <= 8'h38; //set 16X2,5X7 ,8 bits record

            DISP_OFF : lcd_data <= 8'h08; //off display

            CLR_SCR : lcd_data <= 8'h01; //clear lcd

            CURSOR_SET1 : lcd_data <= 8'h06; //cursor set

            CURSOR_SET2 : lcd_data <= 8'h0C; //on display

            // display 1th line

            ROW1_ADDR : lcd_data <= 8'h80;

            ROW1_0 : lcd_data <= line_rom1[127:120];

            ROW1_1 : lcd_data <= line_rom1[119:112];

            ROW1_2 : lcd_data <= line_rom1[111:104];

            ROW1_3 : lcd_data <= line_rom1[103: 96];

            ROW1_4 : lcd_data <= line_rom1[ 95: 88];

            ROW1_5 : lcd_data <= line_rom1[ 87: 80];

            ROW1_6 : lcd_data <= line_rom1[ 79: 72];

            ROW1_7 : lcd_data <= line_rom1[ 71: 64];

            ROW1_8 : lcd_data <= line_rom1[ 63: 56];

            ROW1_9 : lcd_data <= line_rom1[ 55: 48];

            ROW1_A : lcd_data <= line_rom1[ 47: 40];

            ROW1_B : lcd_data <= line_rom1[ 39: 32];

            ROW1_C : lcd_data <= line_rom1[ 31: 24];

            ROW1_D : lcd_data <= line_rom1[ 23: 16];

            ROW1_E : lcd_data <= line_rom1[ 15: 8];

            ROW1_F : lcd_data <= line_rom1[ 7: 0];

            // display 2th line

            ROW2_ADDR : lcd_data <= 8'hC0;

            ROW2_0 : lcd_data <= line_rom2[127:120];

            ROW2_1 : lcd_data <= line_rom2[119:112];

            ROW2_2 : lcd_data <= line_rom2[111:104];

            ROW2_3 : lcd_data <= line_rom2[103: 96];

            ROW2_4 : lcd_data <= line_rom2[ 95: 88];

            ROW2_5 : lcd_data <= line_rom2[ 87: 80];

            ROW2_6 : lcd_data <= line_rom2[ 79: 72];

            ROW2_7 : lcd_data <= line_rom2[ 71: 64];

            ROW2_8 : lcd_data <= line_rom2[ 63: 56];

            ROW2_9 : lcd_data <= line_rom2[ 55: 48];

            ROW2_A : lcd_data <= line_rom2[ 47: 40];

            ROW2_B : lcd_data <= line_rom2[ 39: 32];

            ROW2_C : lcd_data <= line_rom2[ 31: 24];

            ROW2_D : lcd_data <= line_rom2[ 23: 16];

            ROW2_E : lcd_data <= line_rom2[ 15: 8];

            ROW2_F : lcd_data <= line_rom2[ 7: 0];

            endcase

            end

            end

            endmodule

            2. 狀態(tài)機

            (1)以下是State machine如下所示:

            

          wps_clip_image-31119

           

            (2)模塊可分為一下幾個狀態(tài)

            

          image

           

            3. “Hello World”實物顯示

            parameter [127:0] line_rom1 = "I am CrazyBingo!";

            parameter [127:0] line_rom2 = "Hello World*^_^*";

            

          wps_clip_image-31174

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