考研英語(yǔ)答疑之完型填空

完型填空的解題步驟

　　第一步：先花費(fèi)2-3分鐘的時(shí)間對(duì)整篇文章做整體通讀。整體通讀的目標(biāo)：掌握整篇文章的中心主線，即文章的主題+文章的導(dǎo)向或者作者的態(tài)度傾向。
第二步：按段精讀、按段理解、按段分析，按段做題，因?yàn)槎伪旧砭褪窍鄬?duì)獨(dú)立的意群，以段為單位，其實(shí)是縮小了考生的對(duì)立面。

　　第三步：提空后，再進(jìn)行整篇通讀。

完型詞匯的復(fù)習(xí)重點(diǎn)

　　詞匯的辨析和使用占到完型出題量的60% -70%左右，是最重的部分。所以，考前詞匯的準(zhǔn)備對(duì)于完型顯得尤為重要。但最為有效地復(fù)習(xí)詞匯的關(guān)鍵是要掌握完型對(duì)詞匯考查的特點(diǎn)：

　　首先，完型考查的不是那些所謂"很難、很偏的詞"?？佳写缶V所要求的詞匯量本身就是一個(gè)大學(xué)生應(yīng)該掌握的基本詞匯，在這些詞匯中重點(diǎn)用來(lái)考完型的不過(guò)在1500-1600個(gè)左右，這些詞匯絕大部分都是考生們已經(jīng)"認(rèn)識(shí)"的普通詞匯。

　　其次，對(duì)這些考生們已經(jīng)"認(rèn)識(shí)"的普通詞匯，完型的重點(diǎn)當(dāng)然不會(huì)放在考查其大概意思上，而是考查考生對(duì)該詞匯掌握的"深度"。在詞匯的意義上，由于大部分英文詞匯為多意，完型注重對(duì)詞匯意義的全面考查，而不僅限于該詞的主要意義；除了詞匯的意義，完型近年來(lái)越來(lái)越注重對(duì)詞匯用法的考查，特別是詞匯的搭配使用?？忌鷤儗?duì)詞匯的準(zhǔn)備應(yīng)更多地放在對(duì)已經(jīng)認(rèn)識(shí)的詞匯的"深度"擴(kuò)展上，而非簡(jiǎn)單地去追求詞匯的"廣度"。

　　如何做整體通讀從而掌握文章的中心主線根據(jù)我們上文對(duì)完型文章結(jié)構(gòu)兩大特點(diǎn)的分析，以及總分結(jié)構(gòu)在完型文章中三個(gè)層面的應(yīng)用，建議考生按照以下步驟進(jìn)行整體通讀，從而迅速把握整篇完型文章的中心主線：

　　第一：重點(diǎn)讀文章的首句或首段。首句之后的第二句往往也很重要，也可能是總述句的范疇，建議根據(jù)情況重點(diǎn)讀。

　　第二：再重點(diǎn)讀每一段的首句。

　　第三：以上首句之外的分述部分，挑選分述中各句子中的一些重點(diǎn)詞語(yǔ)，如謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，形容詞、名詞等，進(jìn)行綜合分析。

　　以上這三個(gè)步驟，第一步是核心，由于完型文章大都采用總分對(duì)照結(jié)構(gòu)，一般通過(guò)文章的首句就已經(jīng)能夠讀出中心主線了；如果有些文章的首句對(duì)文章中心主線表現(xiàn)的不是很明確的話，第二和第三個(gè)步驟可用來(lái)和第一步驟互相配合，進(jìn)一步明確中心主線。

　　例如：2003年完型文章：

　　Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience. And they also need to give serious 21 to how they can be best 22 such changes. Growing bodies need movement and 23 , but not just in ways that emphasize competition. 24 they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self-conscious and need the 25 that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are 26 by others. However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be 27 to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers, 28 , publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews, 29 student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs. A variety of small clubs can provide 30 opportunities for leadership, as well as for practice in successful 31 dynamics. Making friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the 32 of some kind of organization with a supportive adult 33 visible in the background.

　　In these activities, it is important to remember that the young teens have 34 attention spans. A variety of activities should be organized 35 participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to 36 else without feeling guilty and without letting the other participants 37 . this does not mean that adults must accept irresponsibility. 38 they can help students acquire a sense of commitment by 39 for roles that are within their 40 and their attention spans and byshavingsclearly stated rules.

　　該文章的首句- "Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience. -教師們需要意識(shí)到青少年所經(jīng)歷的情緒、智力和身體上的變化"

　　這個(gè)首句雖然大體揭示出文章的主題(FOCUS)是有關(guān)青少年應(yīng)對(duì)變化的問(wèn)題，但中心主線，如作者的態(tài)度傾向性等并不是很明確。其實(shí)，我們只要在之后的分述部分抓幾個(gè)句子的重要詞語(yǔ)，就馬上可以明確這些：

　　分述部分

　　……but not just in ways that emphasize competition……
　　……adjusting to……new intellectual and emotional challenges……
　　……teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition……
　　……there are more winners than losers……
　　……Making friends is extremely important to teenagers……
　　……A variety of activities should be organized……
　　……without feeling guilty……